Effects of Titanium Micro-Nanopermeable Structures on Osteogenic Differentiation

Table 2

Roughness of titanium surface with different surface modification.

Groups	Ra/μm	Rq/μm	Rp/μm	Rv/μm
Control	0.075	0.091	0.191	0.254
SLA	0.172	0.214	0.450	0.502
SLA + HT4h	5.010	5.840	12.600	12.100
SLA + HT8h	0.163	0.216	0.575	0.786

Ra is the arithmetical average roughness; Rq is the root mean square roughness; Rp is the maximum peak roughness; Rv is the maximum valley roughness.