Pathogens have evolved multiple mechanisms to combat the host immune system as they establish infections. In essence, immunomodulation is any process that leads to an immune response that can be altered to a desired level. Accordingly, treatment of infection could be partially achieved through immunomodulatory therapy. This has opened the doors to investigate the systemic host-pathogen interaction, which denotes changes ranging from induction, amplification, or inhibition of any part or phase of the immune response.

This special issue intends to focus on immunomodulation in the context of infectious diseases.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• ‎Viral infections and autoimmune disorders
• Viral infections ‎and immunomodulation
• Modern aspects of ‎immunomodulatory therapeutics‎ in treating infectious diseases
• ‎Interplay of innate and adaptive immunity in health and disease ‎‎
• Immunotherapies and immunomodulatory players as new ‎targets in the fight against infections
• Antimicrobial drugs
• ‎Inflammasomes and regulators of host response molecular ‎mechanisms underlying mucosal immunology
• Normal ‎commensal flora and maintenance and/or disruption of its ‎balance