Chronic diseases are multifactorial diseases and considered a serious public health problem, accounting for about 60% of deaths worldwide, according to WHO. The immune system has a central role in many processes involving chronic diseases. Immunological research involving cancer, diabetes, heart diseases, and others has not only enabled the understanding of the mechanisms that underlie these diseases, but also suggested new therapies that may impact positively on patients minimizing morbidity and mortality.

This Special Issue aims to present and discuss the advancement of research and innovative therapies involving chronic diseases, which have a high impact on society, such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, cancer, chronic kidney disease and the possibility of involving communicable diseases and chronic emerging. We solicit high quality original research articles as well as review articles focused on state-of-the-art research about new findings on the immune system and chronic diseases, as well as the innovative mechanisms related to the development of an inflammatory process in chronic diseases.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Heart and kidney diseases, inflammatory processes, and new biomarkers
• Purinergic system related to inflammatory processes in hypertension and diabetes
• Immune system and neurodegenerative disease
• Immunological research and cancer