Sestrin2 Regulates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Dependent Ferroptosis to Engage Pulmonary Fibrosis by Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2/Activating Transcription Factor 4 (NRF2/ATF4)

Figure 1

Sestrin2 overexpression reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis levels. (a) CCK-8 assay of cell viability after treatment with different concentrations of TGF-β1 (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 ng/mL, n = 3). (b) RT‒qPCR of Sestrin2 expression (n = 3). (c) Western blot analysis of Sestrin2 expression (n = 3). (d) RT‒qPCR of Sestrin2 expression (n = 3). (e) Western blot analysis of ER stress-related protein expression (GRP78, CHOP and XBP-1, n = 3). (f) Western blot analysis of ferroptosis-related protein expression (GPX4, HO-1, and FTH1, n = 3). (g) Immunofluorescence analysis of CHOP localization (scale bar = 20 µm, n = 3). (h) Flow cytometric analysis of ROS levels. (i) Analysis of Fe²⁺ levels (n = 3). (j and k) Oxidative stress factor analysis of MDA and SOD expression (n = 3) vs. NC, , vs. TGF-β1, ^###.

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