Hypoxia Inhibits Osteogenesis and Promotes Adipogenesis of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes via Upregulation of Leptin in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Figure 3

Hypoxia increases leptin expression of RA-FLSs. (a) Heat map shows the hierarchical clustering of RA-FLSs cultured under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. (b) Venn diagram illustrates the overlap of DEGs data from three independent analyses. (c) RT-qPCR analysis shows the expression of LEPin RA-FLSs and OA-FLSs after 48 hr hypoxia or normoxia treatment. The experiments were repeated three times. Data quantification is . (d, e) Western blot shows leptin expression in RA-FLSs and OA-FLSs after 48 hr hypoxia or normoxia treatment. β-Actin was used as an internal control. The experiments were repeated three times. Data quantification is mean ± SEM. (f) The distribution of leptin in synovium samples obtained from patients with RA or OA. , , . Scale bars: .

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