Review Article
Peptide-Based Vaccination Therapy for Rheumatic Diseases
Table 1
Comparison of those two peptide-based therapeutic vaccination strategies for rheumatic diseases.
| Comparison items | Peptide-based active vaccination against pathogenic cytokines | Peptide-based tolerogenic vaccination |
| Sources of peptides | Pathogenic cytokines | Self-antigens, TCR repertoire | Therapeutic targets | Pathogenic cytokines | Autoimmune attacks against host cells or tissues caused by autoreactive lymphocytes | Main effects | Induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against pathogenic molecules | Induce immune tolerance to self-antigens by inhibiting autoreactive lymphocytes while promoting Tregs | Adjuvant | Need adjuvant | Not necessary | Relevant immune cells | Mainly B cells | Autoreactive T cells, Tregs, tolDCs, etc. | Evidence from clinical trials | Limited | Limited | Diseases | RA, SLE, and SjS | RA, SLE, and SjS |
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Tregs: regulatory T cells; tolDCs: tolerogenic dendritic cells; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SjS: Sjögren’s syndrome; VLP: virus-like particle; TCR: T cell receptor.
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