Research Article
Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs
Table 1
Physical characteristics of fresh emulsion adjuvants and after 180-day storage at different temperatures.
| Emulsion | | Mean droplet size ± S.D., nm | Polydispersity ± S.D. | Zeta potential ± S.D., mV | pH |
| OWq | Fresh | 203.40 ± 1.83 | 0.115 ± 0.008 | −51.7 ± 0.2 | 7.1 | 180 days at 4°C | 272.50 ± 4.86 | 0.117 ± 0.025 | −53.2 ± 0.7 | 6.2 | 180 days at RT | 266.57 ± 5.73 | 0.054 ± 0.035 | −58.0 ± 3.1 | 7.1 | 180 days at 37°C | 277.80 ± 4.98 | 0.142 ± 0.022 | −56.0 ± 3.9 | 6.3 |
| OBA in PBS | Fresh | 327.40 ± 4.59 | 0.270 ± 0.004 | −25.0 ± 3.7 | 7.3 | 180 days at 4°C | 310.37 ± 2.29 | 0.193 ± 0.005 | −12.4 ± 0.2 | 7.2 | 180 days at RT | 217.97 ± 1.85 | 0.147 ± 0.010 | −6.8 ± 0.4 | 7.2 | 180 days at 37°C | 367.37 ± 0.51 | 0.242 ± 0.012 | −11.5 ± 0.2 | 7.2 |
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RT: room temperature; SD: standard deviation.
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