Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs

Figure 3

Safety and immunological effect of OWq and OBA injected with E2 antigenic protein. (a) E2 subunit vaccine administered with experimental adjuvants did not impact weight gain in pigs as both one-dose and two-dose animals had grown consistently and at the same level as negative control pigs (PBS only). (b) E2 protein coadministered with OWq adjuvant demonstrated higher E2-specific IgG antibody titer detected on days 21 and 28 in serum samples (dilution 1/5000) of two-dose pigs than subunit vaccine with OBA. (c) Two-dose pigs developed significantly higher IgG titer than animals receiving single vaccination on day 21 of the study (dilution 1/5000). (d) IgG1 and IgG2 titers in serum samples (dilution 1/1000) collected from two-dose pigs on day 21 of the study. Data are presented as a mean ± SEM.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)