Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs

Figure 2

Size distribution of emulsion-based adjuvants obtained with dynamic light scattering (DLS). (a) Freshly prepared OWq emulsion had droplets within 90–600 nm size range, while oil-based adjuvant (OBA) mixed with PBS produced emulsion with droplets between 100 and 3000 nm. (b) After 180-day storage at different temperatures, the slight shift of size distributions towards bigger droplets was detected in OWq emulsion; however, no creaming or phase separation was observed in visual appearance of emulsion samples (photograph insertion).

(a)

(b)