Macrophage Polarization in Cerebral Aneurysm: Perspectives and Potential Targets

Figure 2

Summary of mediators and immune cells involved in M1/M2 polarization. The proinflammatory cytokines released by neutrophil, Th1 cells, and mast cells contribute to the maintenance of classically activated macrophage. Polarized M1 cells increase inflammation gene expression, promoting the progression of cerebral aneurysm to rupture. Conversely, alternatively activated macrophages may halt aneurysm rupture by facilitating inflammation regression. MMP indicates matrix metalloproteinase.