Macrophage Polarization in Cerebral Aneurysm: Perspectives and Potential Targets

Figure 1

Mechanisms of macrophage polarization. Activation of IRF/STAT signaling pathways by IFN and TLR signaling skews macrophage function toward the M1 phenotype (via STAT1), while activation of IRF/STAT (via STAT6) signaling pathways by IL-4 and IL-13 skews macrophage function toward the M2 phenotype. PPARγ and ERK 5 participate in the promotion of M2 macrophage in cerebral aneurysms. NLRP3 inflammasome may contribute to M1 polarization.