Review Article

Emerging Role and Therapeutic Implication of Wnt Signaling Pathways in Autoimmune Diseases

Table 2

MicroRNAs target Wnt signaling in autoimmune diseases.

MicroRNAExpressionPotential target of Wnt component(s)Involvement of autoimmune diseasesReference(s)

miR-422aUpregulatedWnt signaling and KLK4Human LN[72]

miR-449aUpregulatedWnt and NOTCH signalingHuman celiac disease (CD)[73]

miR-663UpregulatedDirectly targeting APC of Wnt signalingDownregulating APC to activate Wnt signaling and increase the FLS proliferation and the expression MMP3 and fibronectin in human RA[74]

miR-26bDownregulatedWnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathwayAlleviating inflammation associated with RA by targeting Wnt signaling[75]

miR-29aDownregulatedDirectly targeting DKK1 and GSK3β of Wnt signalingRegulating TNF-α mediated bone loss in human AS[76]

miR-152DownregulatedIndirectly regulating SFRP4 by targeting DNMT1 and MeCP2Pathogenesis of RA[35, 77]

miR-375DownregulatedFZD8Arthritis synovial fibroblasts of rat AIA model[78]

AIA: adjuvant-induced arthritis; APC: adenomatous polyposis coli; AS: Ankylosing spondylitis; CD: celiac disease; DNMT: DNA methyltransferase; FLS: fibroblast-like synoviocytes; FZD8: frizzled 8; KLK4: kallikrein-related peptidase 4; MeCP2: methyl CpG binding protein 2; MMP: matrix metalloprotease; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; SFRP4: secreted frizzled-related protein 4; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha.