The Secretion of IL-22 from Mucosal NKp44⁺ NK Cells Is Associated with Microbial Translocation and Virus Infection in SIV/SHIV-Infected Chinese Macaques

Figure 5

Number and cytolytic function of mucosal natural killer (NK)p44⁺ NK cells during early acute and chronic phases of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. (a) Frequency of NKp44⁺ NK cells at early acute and chronic phases of SIV infection. (b) Levels of IL-22 and IL-10 in ileum of monkeys infected with SIV during the early acute phase. (c) IL-22 secretion and (d) IFN-γ secretion of mucosal NKp44⁺ NK cells stimulated with peptide or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) + ionomycin. The column bar indicates the mean of the ratio of target cells (mononuclear cells in (a); NKp44⁺ NK cells in (c) and (d)). Error bars and individual standard deviations (SD) are shown. as calculated by two-sided nonparametric Mann-Whitney test.

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