<i>Objective.</i> The aim of this study was to investigate the hematopoietic profile in AAS abusers, during or short after their last abuse and approximately six months later. Moreover, we studied if supraphysiological doses of testosterone influence the concentration of hemoglobin and erythropoietin in healthy volunteers.<i> Design and Methods</i>. Subjects (<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.2129908pt" id="M1" height="9.21094pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.99795 40.1168 9.21094" width="40.1168pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><path id="g113-79" d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,15.155,0)"><path id="g117-34" d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,26.893,0)"><path id="g113-52" d="M285 378C315 398 338 416 353 432C373 451 384 474 384 503C384 579 325 635 236 635H235C182 635 136 610 108 579L65 516L85 496C110 533 150 575 205 575C258 575 300 543 300 481C300 407 232 369 141 339L147 310C163 315 188 321 211 321C268 321 338 284 338 192C338 94 288 40 217 40C160 40 119 68 93 91C85 98 77 97 69 91C60 84 47 71 46 58C44 46 48 35 62 22C75 10 116 -12 162 -12C234 -12 424 62 424 224C424 297 373 359 285 376V378Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,33.396,0)"><path id="g113-50" d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"/></g></svg>) were recruited through an antidoping hotline. The hematological profile was measured when the subjects entered the study and approximately 6 months later. Testosterone enanthate (500 mg) was administered to healthy volunteers (<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.2129908pt" id="M2" height="9.21094pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.99795 40.1168 9.21094" width="40.1168pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-79"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,15.155,0)"><use xlink:href="#g117-34"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,26.893,0)"><path id="g113-51" d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,33.396,0)"><path id="g113-53" d="M456 178V225H360V632H320C217 496 115 347 20 206V178H280V106C280 40 276 34 189 27V0H445V27C364 34 360 39 360 106V178H456ZM280 225H82C149 335 214 431 278 520H280V225Z"/></g></svg>). Gene expression was studied in human hek293 cells exposed to 1 <i>μ</i>M testosterone.<i> Results.</i> Decreased levels of hemoglobin, erythrocyte volume fraction, and erythrocyte counts were observed after 6 months without the use of AAS. Results in volunteers show that hemoglobin increased 3% four and 15 days after testosterone administration, whereas EPO was significantly increased by 38% four days after dose. Agreeingly, <i>in vitro</i> study shows that testosterone induces the mRNA level of EPO with 65% after 24-hour exposure.<i> Conclusion</i>. These results indicate that supraphysiological doses of testosterone may cause a perturbation in the hematopoietic profile. This is of interest in relation to the adverse cardiovascular effects observed in AAS abusers.

Jenny Erkander Mullen

Nina G&#xe5;revik

Jenny J. Schulze

Anders Rane

Linda Bj&#xf6;rkhem Bergman

Lena Ekstr&#xf6;m

Perturbation of the Hematopoietic Profile by Anabolic Androgenic Steroids

This study summarizes the literature on the prevalence, incidence, and proportion of patients receiving treatment for male hypogonadism and a systematic literature search was performed for articles published in the last 20 years. Of the 97 studies identified, 96 examined the prevalence, 2 examined the incidence, and 4 examined the proportion of males with hypogonadism patients receiving treatment. Based on studies conducted in Europe and USA, the prevalence of hypogonadism in the general population ranged from 2.1&#x25; to 12.8&#x25; of middle-aged to older men, with an estimated incidence of 12 new cases per 1,000 person-years. Prevalence was higher among patients with comorbid conditions, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Approximately 10&#x2013;12&#x25; of men with hypogonadism were receiving testosterone treatment. This literature review suggests that there is potentially a significant burden of hypogonadism in the general population. Burden seems to increase with age and in the presence of certain disease conditions. Data suggests that many hypogonadal men who may benefit from testosterone replacement are not receiving treatment. This may be the result of underdiagnosis of the disease, lack of awareness by patients or physicians, irregularities surrounding the diagnostic criteria, and deficiency of long-term safety studies.

Victoria Zarotsky

Ming-Yi Huang

Wendy Carman

Abraham Morgentaler

Puneet K. Singhal

Donna Coffin

T. Hugh Jones

Systematic Literature Review of the Epidemiology of Nongenetic Forms of Hypogonadism in Adult Males

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of 17<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.571899pt" id="M1" height="13.2498pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.6779 8.00062 13.2498" width="8.00062pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><path id="g113-224" d="M558 587C558 666 497 712 432 712C379 712 330 691 284 650C212 586 178 508 148 348L71 -65C49 -185 35 -229 23 -235L27 -261C49 -259 101 -251 124 -224C131 -216 138 -178 159 -24C171 66 197 200 227 356C264 550 295 668 393 668C443 668 479 632 479 575C479 516 446 458 383 418C361 404 344 398 318 397L296 350C395 338 460 281 460 192C460 110 411 40 300 40C258 40 215 55 192 69L181 51C191 18 222 -16 266 -16C308 -16 351 1 397 26C471 67 545 142 545 221C545 315 486 365 401 395C469 437 558 498 558 587Z"/></g></svg>-estradiol on cutaneous wound healing in 12-week ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. Eight-week-old female mice were divided into three groups: administration of 17<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.571899pt" id="M2" height="13.2498pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.6779 8.00062 13.2498" width="8.00062pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-224"/></g></svg>-estradiol after OVX (OVX + 17<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.571899pt" id="M3" height="13.2498pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.6779 8.00062 13.2498" width="8.00062pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-224"/></g></svg>-estradiol), OVX, and sham (SHAM). Four weeks after surgery, the mice received two full-thickness cutaneous wounds. 17<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.571899pt" id="M4" height="13.2498pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.6779 8.00062 13.2498" width="8.00062pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-224"/></g></svg>-Estradiol at 0.01&#x2009;g/day was administered on the backs of mice in the OVX + 17<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.571899pt" id="M5" height="13.2498pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.6779 8.00062 13.2498" width="8.00062pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-224"/></g></svg>-estradiol group every day. Plasma 17<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.571899pt" id="M6" height="13.2498pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.6779 8.00062 13.2498" width="8.00062pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-224"/></g></svg>-estradiol level in the OVX + 17<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.571899pt" id="M7" height="13.2498pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.6779 8.00062 13.2498" width="8.00062pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-224"/></g></svg>-estradiol group was thus significantly higher than in the SHAM and OVX groups, but there was no significant difference between SHAM and OVX groups. The ratio of wound area was not significantly different among the three groups. However, the period required to reach a ratio of wound area of 0.15 in the OVX + 17<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.571899pt" id="M8" height="13.2498pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.6779 8.00062 13.2498" width="8.00062pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-224"/></g></svg>-estradiol group was significantly shorter than in the SHAM and OVX groups. These results indicate that cutaneous wound healing in young OVX mice was promoted by the administration of 17<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.571899pt" id="M9" height="13.2498pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.6779 8.00062 13.2498" width="8.00062pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-224"/></g></svg>-estradiol compared with that in SHAM and OVX mice without such administration, but there was no difference between the latter two groups that did not differ in 17<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.571899pt" id="M10" height="13.2498pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.6779 8.00062 13.2498" width="8.00062pt"><g transform="matrix(.0135,0,0,-0.0135,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-224"/></g></svg>-estradiol level.

Kanae Mukai

Yuriko Miyasaka

Kana Takata

Tamae Urai

Yukari Nakajima

Emi Komatsu

Junko Sugama

Toshio Nakatani

Comparison of the Cutaneous Wound Healing of Ovariectomized Mouse at 12 Weeks with That of SHAM and Estrogen-Administered Mice

<i>Introduction</i>. Surgery is the definitive treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP). Focused approaches for excision of single gland pathology are gaining popularity. Preoperative parathyroid localization and intraoperative parathormone (IOPTH) assay are essential components of successful parathyroidectomy using focused approach. <i>Objective</i>. To evaluate the efficacy of IOPTH in patients undergoing surgery for PHP. <i>Methods</i>. Retrospective review of twelve patients who underwent surgery for PHP at tertiary corporate hospital in Mumbai, India, between January 2009 and December 2012. <i>Results</i>. IOPTH had true results in 10 patients (83&#x25;) and led to unnecessary further exploration in 1 patient (8&#x25;). The concordance rate between ultrasonogram, sestamibi, and IOPTH was 66&#x25;. The mean decay of IOPTH was 65&#x25;, and all patients were normocalcemic at the end of six months. <i>Conclusion</i>. IOPTH is a useful adjunct to predict successful removal of the involved gland.

Ranjeetha Shenoy

Arun Behl

Tushar Pawar

Utility of Intraoperative Parathormone Assay as an Index to Successful Parathyroidectomy

<i>Objective</i>. The objective of this study was to correlate metabolic and hormonal parameters before and after 8, 16, and 24 weeks (wk) of moderate aerobic training in individuals with chronic primary insomnia. <i>Method.</i> Four male and sixteen female volunteers (adults, sedentary, and healthy) performed exercise training for 24 weeks. Blood and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was obtained at baseline, 8, 16, and 24 wk of training. <i>Results.</i> PSQI scores decreased after 8, 16, and 24 wk of training regarding baseline values. Indeed, total sleep time (TST) increased after 16 and 24 wk of exercise training regarding baseline values. The correlations were analyzed using the delta (<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.025px;" id="M1" height="11.425" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 11.025 11.425" width="11.025">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><path id="x394" d="M600 0h-557v24l268 633l28 8l261 -641v-24zM497 50l-194 489l-196 -489h390z"></path></g>

		
	
</svg>) values (<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:46.762501px;" id="M2" height="11.6375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 46.762501 11.6375" width="46.762501">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x394"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.959,11.362)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.827,11.362)"><path id="x3D" d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.531,11.362)"><path id="x38" d="M249 635q70 0 116 -43t46 -105q0 -46 -28 -80q-22 -25 -80 -64q62 -35 97 -75t35 -99q0 -81 -63 -131t-135 -50q-83 0 -137.5 45.5t-54.5 123.5q0 52 45 95q29 28 89 64q-109 62 -109 155q0 66 50.5 115t128.5 49zM238 603q-42 0 -67.5 -31t-25.5 -72q0 -50 32.5 -79.5&#xA;t98.5 -62.5q61 48 61 124q0 59 -29.5 90t-69.5 31zM248 20q46 0 76.5 33.5t30.5 89.5q0 50 -39 85.5t-110 71.5q-81 -54 -81 -137q0 -67 35.5 -105t87.5 -38z"></path></g>

		
	
</svg> wk less baseline; <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:54.924999px;" id="M3" height="11.6375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 54.924999 11.6375" width="54.924999">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x394"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.959,11.362)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.827,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.531,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x31"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,46.69,11.362)"><path id="x36" d="M137 343l67 33q37 17 63 17q79 0 129.5 -53t50.5 -131q0 -92 -58 -156.5t-147 -64.5t-147 68t-58 182q0 63 17 119t43 95.5t61.5 72t69 52t67.5 31.5q62 22 128 33l6 -32q-56 -11 -108 -35q-149 -71 -184 -231zM227 337q-47 0 -95 -27q-6 -23 -6 -70q0 -93 36 -155.5&#xA;t96 -62.5q53 0 78 45.5t25 105.5q0 68 -35 116t-99 48z"></path></g>

		
	
</svg> wk less baseline; <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:54.924999px;" id="M4" height="11.6375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 54.924999 11.6375" width="54.924999">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x394"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.959,11.362)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5&#xA;q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.827,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.531,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x32"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,46.69,11.362)"><path id="x34" d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z"></path></g>

		
	
</svg> wk less baseline). We have observed a negative correlation for <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:19.174999px;" id="M5" height="11.425" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 19.174999 11.425" width="19.174999">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x394"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.959,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x31"></use></g>

		
	
</svg> between TST and cortisol, a positive correlation for <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:19.174999px;" id="M6" height="11.6375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 19.174999 11.6375" width="19.174999">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x394"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.959,11.362)"><use xlink:href="#x33"></use></g>

		
	
</svg> between TST and growth hormone, a negative correlation for <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:19.174999px;" id="M7" height="11.425" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 19.174999 11.425" width="19.174999">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x394"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.959,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x31"></use></g>

		
	
</svg> between TST and VLDL, a negative correlation for <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:19.174999px;" id="M8" height="11.425" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 19.174999 11.425" width="19.174999">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x394"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.959,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x31"></use></g>

		
	
</svg> between TST and triacylglycerols, and a negative correlation for <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:19.174999px;" id="M9" height="11.425" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 19.174999 11.425" width="19.174999">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x394"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.959,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x31"></use></g>

		
	
</svg> and <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:19.174999px;" id="M10" height="11.425" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 19.174999 11.425" width="19.174999">
	
		
			<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x394"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.959,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x32"></use></g>

		
	
</svg> between TST and thyroid-stimulating hormone. <i>Conclusion.</i> The exercise training improved the sleep quality of patients with chronic primary insomnia.

Alexandre Abilio de Souza Teixeira

Giselle Soares Passos

Francieli Silva Ruiz

Eduardo da Silva Alves

Dalva Poyares

Marcos Gon&#xe7;alves de Santana

Sergio Tufik

Marco T&#xFA;lio de Mello

Improvements in Chronic Primary Insomnia after Exercise Training Are Correlated with Changes in Metabolic and Hormonal Profile

Estrogen replacement promotes cutaneous wound healing in 8&#x2013;10-week young ovariectomized female mice. However, research using aged ovariectomized female mice has not been reported, to the best of our knowledge. Therefore, we investigated the effect of 17<i>&#x3B2;</i>-estradiol on cutaneous wound healing using 24-week middle-aged ovariectomized female mice. Twenty-week-old female mice were divided into three groups: medication with 17<i>&#x3B2;</i>-estradiol after ovariectomy (OVX + 17<i>&#x3B2;</i>-estradiol), ovariectomy (OVX), and sham (SHAM). After 4 weeks, the mice received two full-thickness wounds. Then, the OVX + 17<i>&#x3B2;</i>-estradiol group was administered 17<i>&#x3B2;</i>-estradiol at 0.01&#x2009;g/day until healing. The ratio of wound area in the OVX + 17<i>&#x3B2;</i>-estradiol group was significantly decreased compared with that in the OVX group. The numbers of neutrophils and macrophages in the OVX + 17<i>&#x3B2;</i>-estradiol group were significantly smaller than those in the OVX group. In addition, the ratio of myofibroblasts in the OVX + 17<i>&#x3B2;</i>-estradiol group was significantly higher than that in the OVX group. These data suggested that exogenous continuous 17<i>&#x3B2;</i>-estradiol administration promotes cutaneous wound healing in 24-week OVX female mice by reducing wound area, shortening inflammatory response, and promoting wound contraction. However, it is unclear whether the effect of exogenous estrogen on wound healing outweighs the delay of wound healing due to advanced age.

Nasruddin

The Effect of 17<i>&#x3B2;</i>-Estradiol Administration on Cutaneous Wound Healing in 24-Week Ovariectomized Female Mice

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Journal of Hormones