Review Article
Acorn Oil: Chemistry and Functionality
Table 1
Fatty acid composition of acorn species (% dry weight basis).
| Acorn species | Source | Saturated | Monounsaturated | Polyunsaturated | SFA | USFA | References | C14 : 0 | C16 : 0 | C18 : 0 | C20 : 0 | C16 : 1 | C18 : 1 | C18 : 2 | C18 : 3 | (%) | (%) |
| Q. ilex | Algeria | — | 16.5 | — | — | — | 65.0 | 17.6 | 0.9 | 16.5 | 83.5 | [12] | Q. suber | — | 17.0 | — | — | — | 63.8 | 17.8 | 0.9 | 17.0 | 83.0 |
| Q. aegilops | Jordan | 0.17 | 18.7 | 1.02 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 55.6 | 21.7 | 1.6 | 20.52 | 79.54 | [2] | Q. infectoria | 0.12 | 17.8 | 1.5 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 56.1 | 21.3 | 1.6 | 20.44 | 79.4 | Q. calliprinos | 0.13 | 18.4 | 1.6 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 53.3 | 23.4 | 1.5 | 21.01 | 78.95 |
| Q. pontica | Turkey | 0.5 | 18.2 | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 32.6 | 35.9 | — | 23.1 | 75.6 | [5] | Q. robur | 0.2 | 18.9 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 22.6 | 41.9 | — | 23.9 | 70.7 | Q. hartwissiana | 0.2 | 17.1 | 1.8 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 21.4 | 49.1 | — | 21.3 | 76.8 | Q. frainetto | 0.4 | 20.9 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 25.7 | 38.7 | — | 27.7 | 70.2 | Q. petraea | 0.2 | 19.6 | 1.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 41.4 | 31.1 | — | 23.1 | 75.9 | Q. vulcanica | 0.6 | 13.8 | 4.0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 50.2 | 25.1 | — | 20.4 | 79.3 | Q. ithaburensis | 0.7 | 22.8 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 16.9 | 38.7 | — | 29.9 | 64.4 | Q. brantii | 0.2 | 19.0 | 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 46.8 | 26.1 | — | 23.1 | 28.6 | Q. libani | 0 | 13.5 | 1.9 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 54.3 | 24.2 | — | 17.0 | 26.1 | Q. trojana | 0.3 | 15.7 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 49.7 | 26.0 | — | 18.6 | 29.0 | | 0.2 | 17.0 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 51.4 | 24.7 | | 20.2 | 27.0 |
| Q. rubra | Latvia | — | 8 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 62.3 | 27.1 | 0.3 | 9.8 | 90.2 | [13] | Q. robur | — | 14.5 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 41.3 | 39.9 | 1.7 | 16.6 | 83.4 |
| — | Turkey | 0.12 | 13.80 | 1.54 | 0.25 | 0.31 | 57.80 | 24.16 | 1.29 | 15.99 | 84.01 | [14] |
| Q. faginea | Spain | 0.19 | 11.69 | 3.50 | 0.58 | 0.36 | 62.44 | 16.42 | 0.74 | 16.96 | 83.04 | [15] | Q. suber | 0.31 | 14.27 | 2.74 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 56.25 | 20.73 | 1.34 | 18.64 | 81.73 | Q. pyrenaica | 0.18 | 12.17 | 3.23 | 0.54 | 0.38 | 57.46 | 21.30 | 0.80 | 17.15 | 82.85 | Q. coccifera | 0.30 | 16.22 | 3.31 | 0.29 | 0.37 | 48.02 | 25.38 | 1.57 | 21.01 | 79 | Q. ilex | 0.18 | 12.28 | 4.03 | 0.36 | 0.17 | 65.83 | 14.17 | 0.54 | 17.44 | 82.65 |
| Q. faginea | Portugal | — | 18 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 51 | 20 | — | 22 | 78 | [6] | Q. ilex | — | 14 | 1 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 64 | 14 | — | 16 | 84 | Q. nigra | — | 17 | 2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 48 | 26 | — | 18 | 80 | Q. suber | — | 14 | 2 | 0.1 | 1 | 55 | 21 | — | 20 | 81 |
| Q. robur | Serbia | — | 14.8 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 44.3 | 37.2 | 1.8 | 16.1 | 83.7 | [16] | Q. cerris | — | 16.9 | 1.2 | 0.2 | <0.1 | 43 | 32.6 | 3.7 | 20.7 | 79.3 |
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SFA, saturated fatty acid; USFA, unsaturated fatty acid; —, not known.
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