Research Article
Preliminary Study on the Skin Lightening Practice and Health Symptoms among Female Students in Malaysia
Table 4
Respondents knowledge and perception (
).
| Variables | Undergraduate () (%) | Postgraduate () (%) | Total () (%) |
| Knowing that skin lightening products might cause health effect | | | | Yes | 53 (94.6) | 44 (91.6) | 97 (93.3) | No | 3 (5.4) | 4 (8.4) | 7 (6.7) | Knowing ingredients banned from skin lightening products | | | | Yes | 35 (62.5) | 28 (58.3) | 63 (60.6) | No | 21 (37.5) | 20 (41.7) | 41 (39.4) |
Way to obtain information about the safety of skin lightening products | | | | Television and radio | 17 (30.4) | 14 (29.2) | 31 (29.8) | Internet and SNS | 47 (83.9) | 45 (93.8) | 92 (88.5) | Book, newspaper, and magazine | 31 (57.1) | 29 (60.4) | 60 (57.7) | Friend | 23 (41.1) | 21 (43.8) | 44 (42.3) | Perception of having lighter skin | | | | Lighter skin is more beautiful and looks healthier | 28 (50) | 26 (54.1) | 54 (51.9) | Lighter skin provides higher self-esteem | 28 (50) | 28 (58.3) | 56 (53.8) | Lighter skin implies belonging to higher social class | 3 (5.4) | 3 (6.3) | 6 (5.8) | Lighter skin helps in getting better job | 2 (3.6) | 2 (4.2) | 4 (3.8) | Lighter skin increases chance of getting married | 5 (8.9) | 2 (4.2) | 7 (6.7) | Men consider woman with lighter skin to be more beautiful | 18 (32.1) | 16 (33.3) | 34 (32.7) | Do not have any perception | 14 (25) | 13 (27.1) | 27 (26) |
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