Research Article
Preliminary Study on the Skin Lightening Practice and Health Symptoms among Female Students in Malaysia
Table 2
The skin lightening practice among female students (
)
.
| | | Variables | Undergraduate ()
(%) | Postgraduate ()
(%) | Total ()
(%) |
| | Types of products used | Facial cleanser | 31 (79.5) | 20 (83.3) | 51 (81) | | Facial mask | 5 (12.8) | 6 (25) | 11 (17.5) | | Facial moisturizer | 16 (41) | 11 (45.8) | 27 (39.7) | | Antiaging | 3 (7.7) | 4 (16.7) | 7 (11.1) | | Toner | 9 (48.7) | 5 (20.8) | 14 (22.2) | | Others (sunblock, serum) | 2 (5.1) | 1 (4.2) | 3 (4.8) |
| | Factors considered during purchasing | Advertisement | 10 (25.6) | 7 (29.2) | 17 (27) | | Friend recommendation | 10 (25.6) | 9 (37.5) | 19 (30.2) | | Ingredient used | 18 (46.2) | 11 (45.8) | 29 (46) | | Reasonable price | 23 (59) | 12 (50) | 35 (55.6) | | Brand influence | 7 (17.9) | 7 (29.2) | 14 (22.2) | | Effective within the short period of application | 9 (23.1) | 6 (25) | 15 (23.8) | | Halal certification | 3 (7.7) | 3 (12.5) | 6 (9.5) |
| | Products preferred | Local | 13 (33.3) | 8 (33.3) | 21 (33) | | International | 12 (30.8) | 10 (41.7) | 22 (35) | | Neither of them | 14 (35.9) | 6 (25) | 20 (32) |
| | Price | <RM 30 | 22 (56.4) | 6 (25) | 28 (44.4) | | RM 30–RM 60 | 14 (35.9) | 11 (45.8) | 25 (39.7) | | >RM 60 | 3 (7.7) | 7 (29.2) | 10 (15.9) |
| | Checking the ingredient | Yes | 33 (84.6) | 20 (83.3) | 53 (84.1) | | No | 6 (15.4) | 4 (16.7) | 10 (15.9) |
| | Products satisfaction | Satisfied | 21 (53.8) | 14 (58.3) | 35 (55.6) | | Not satisfied | 18 (46.2) | 10 (41.7) | 28 (44.4) |
| | Point of purchase | Department store | 11 (28.2) | 8 (33.3) | 19 (30.2) | | Specialty beauty store | 4 (10.3) | 8 (33.3) |
12 (9) | | Drugstore | 24 (61.5) | 15 (62.5) | 39 (61.9) | | Online | 3 (7.7) | 5 (20.8) | 8 (12.7) | | Convenience shop | 8 (20.5) | 4 (16.7) | 12 (19) |
|
|
Note: person who answers with “Yes” to skin lightening product use.
|
