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| Autoimmune disease | Study design () | Results |
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| Multiple sclerosis | Prospective cohort studies NHS, NHS II supplementation of vitamin D () [40] | 40% reduction in developing MS with supplementation of 400 IU vitamin D |
| Open label progressive supplementation of vitamin D () [41] | The number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions was reduced |
| Randomized control using 1000 IU versus 6000 IU daily of vitamin D2 for 6 months () [42] | Vitamin D2 was not effective in reducing MRI lesions in RRMS |
| Open-label randomized controlled trial () [43] | 8% in the treatment group had worsening disability versus 38% of patients in the control group |
| Diabetes | Birth cohort study () [57] | Use of 2000 IU had a reduced risk of developing diabetes by 78% |
| Newly diagnosed diabetic children from 1980–2005 () [61] | Significant increase in incidence noted after reduction in vitamin D intake recommendation (decreased daily recommendation from 1000 IU to 400 IU) |
| Meta-analysis of supplementation of vitamin D in infants [56] | 29% reduction in risk of developing type 1 diabetes |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Prospective cohort study dietary and supplement vitamin D intake () [76] | 34% reduction in developing RA in the supplement group > 400 IU vitamin D |
| Open-label trial using high-dose oral alphacalcidiol therapy, () [77] | Result in a positive effect on disease activity in 89% of patients |
| Autoimmune thyroid disease | None available to date | |
| Crohn’s disease | Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study () [95] | 1200 IU of vitamin D3 reduced the number of relapses in the treatment group by more than 50% during a 1 yr study |
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