Thermal Pyrolysis of Used Tyres to Produce Liquid Fuel: Process Optimization and How It Compares to Microwave Pyrolysis

Table 8

Physiochemical properties of tyre pyrolysis oil from thermal pyrolysis and how it compares to that from microwave pyrolysis by Bett et al. [5].

Parameter	Method	Results
		Microwave pyrolysis [5]	Thermal pyrolysis
Viscosity @ 40°C (cSt)	AOAC	3.07	3
Ash content (%)	AOAC	1.9	1.5
Density @ 15°C (kg/l)	AOAC	0.91	0.91
Pour point (°C)	ASTM D2015	6.7	6.5
Flash point (°C)	ASTM D2015	61	59
Fire point (°C)	ASTM D2015	65	62
Sulphur content (%)	AOAC	0.08	0.08
Carbon residue (%)	ASTM D2015	0.75	0.68
Calorific value (MJ/kg)	ASTM D2015	48.99	47.31