Brain Tumor Detection and Classification Using IFF-FLICM Segmentation and Optimized ELM Model

Table 1

Abbreviations used in the article.

Abbreviations	Full form
ABTA	American Brain Tumor Association
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
FCM	Fuzzy C means
EnFCM	Enhanced FCM method
FCM_S1	FCM algorithm with spatial constraints (1^st variant)
FCM_S2	FCM algorithm with spatial constraints (2^nd variant)
NDFCM	Adaptive FCM algorithm based on noise detection
FGFCM	Fast generalized FCM
FLICM	Fuzzy local information C means
IFF-FLICM	Improved fuzzy factor-based fuzzy local information C means
FRFCM	Fast and robust FCM
HS	Harmony search
HM	Harmony memory
SCA	Sine cosine algorithm
MHS	Modified harmony search
BHS	Binary harmony search
POHS	Piecewise opposition harmony search
HSPSO	Harmony search and particle swarm optimization algorithm
HHS	Hybrid harmony search
PAR	Pitch adjusting rate
HMCR	Harmony memory consideration rate
AC-DPHS	Autonomous clustering dynamic parameter harmony search
SAMOHS	Self-adaptive multiobjective harmony search
SCCs	Strongly connected components
GLCM	Gray-level co-occurrence matrix
LBP	Local binary pattern
BPS	Bit-plane slicing
LLE	Locally linear embedding
LDA	Linear discriminant analysis
FAWT	Flexible analytical wavelet transform
DT	Decision tree
HHOCNN	Harris hawks optimized convolution network
PSO	Particle swarm optimization
MSCA-APSO	Modified sine cosine algorithm-accelerated particle swarm optimization
ELM	Extreme learning machine
SCA-ELM	Sine cosine algorithm-extreme learning machine
MHS-ELM	Modified harmony search-extreme learning machine
PSO-ELM	Particle swarm optimization-extreme learning machine
MHS-SCA-ELM	Modified harmony search-sine cosine algorithm-extreme learning machine
LLRBFNN	Local linear radial basis function neural network
CNN	Convolutional neural network
PNN	Probabilistic neural network
SVM	Support vector machine
DDSM	Digital Database for Mammography Screening
Mini-MIAS	Mini Mammographic Image Analysis Society
BraTS	MICCAI brain tumor segmentation
k-NN	k-nearest neighbors
SSIM	Structural index similarity
PSNR	Peak signal-to-noise ratio
QILV	Quality index based on local variance
ELM	Extreme learning machine