Studying the Synergetic Effect of Point-Extraction and Longitudinal Ventilation on the Maximum Smoke Temperature and Back-Layering Length in Tunnel Fires

Figure 9

Vertical temperature distribution 0 m away the fire source (exactly under the extraction point, HRR = 5 kW, with various L.V.). (a) L.V. = 0.133 m/s. (b) L.V. = 0.133 m/s. (c) L.V. = 0.265 m/s. (d) L.V. = 0.265 m/s. (e) L.V. = 0.53 m/s. (f) L.V. = 0.53 m/s.