Studying the Synergetic Effect of Point-Extraction and Longitudinal Ventilation on the Maximum Smoke Temperature and Back-Layering Length in Tunnel Fires

Figure 7

Ceiling temperature distribution through the tunnel with the synergetic effect of ceiling extraction and longitudinal ventilation (HRR = 5 kW with various L.V.). (a) L.V. = 0.133 m/s. (b) L.V. = 0.133 m/s. (c) L.V. = 0.265 m/s. (d) L.V. = 0.265 m/s. (e) L.V. = 0.53 m/s. (f) L.V. = 0.53 m/s.