Research Article
GIS-Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Frequency Ratio and Shannon Entropy Models in Dejen District, Northwestern Ethiopia
Table 2
Spatial relationship between each conditioning factor and landslide occurrence using FR and SE models.
| Conditioning factors | Classes | Class pixels | %Class pixels | Landslide pixels | %Landslide pixels | FR | SE | Pij | Hj | Hjmax | Ij | Wj |
| Slope (degree) | 0–9.53 | 292995 | 45.924 | 115 | 7.377 | 0.161 | 0.005 | 2.244 | 2.807 | 0.201 | 0.964 | 9.53–19.07 | 200398 | 31.411 | 340 | 21.809 | 0.694 | 0.021 | | | | | 19.07–28.61 | 88419 | 13.859 | 438 | 28.095 | 2.027 | 0.060 | | | | | 28.61–38.14 | 38689 | 6.064 | 371 | 23.797 | 3.924 | 0.117 | | | | | 38.14–47.68 | 14084 | 2.208 | 202 | 12.957 | 5.869 | 0.175 | | | | | 47.68–57.21 | 3110 | 0.487 | 86 | 5.516 | 11.316 | 0.337 | | | | | 57.21–66.75 | 298 | 0.047 | 7 | 0.449 | 9.613 | 0.286 | | | | |
| Elevation (m) | 991–1215 | 17080 | 2.677 | 25.000 | 1.604 | 0.599 | 0.067 | 2.525 | 2.807 | 0.101 | 0.129 | 1215–11439 | 104637 | 16.401 | 178.000 | 11.418 | 0.696 | 0.078 | | | | | 1439–1663 | 91542 | 14.348 | 271.000 | 17.383 | 1.211 | 0.135 | | | | | 1663–1887 | 72600 | 11.379 | 279.000 | 17.896 | 1.573 | 0.175 | | | | | 1887–2111 | 60986 | 9.559 | 279.000 | 17.896 | 1.872 | 0.209 | | | | | 2111–2335 | 55289 | 8.666 | 371.000 | 23.797 | 2.746 | 0.306 | | | | | 2335–2559 | 235859 | 36.969 | 156.000 | 10.006 | 0.271 | 0.030 | | | | |
| Aspect (direction) | Flat (−1) | 43329 | 6.791 | 14 | 0.898 | 0.132 | 0.015 | 2.845 | 3.322 | 0.144 | 0.129 | North (0–22.5) | 72892 | 11.425 | 39 | 2.502 | 0.219 | 0.024 | | | | | North east (22.5–67.5) | 86215 | 13.513 | 154 | 9.878 | 0.731 | 0.082 | | | | | East (67.5–112.5) | 80684 | 12.647 | 369 | 23.669 | 1.872 | 0.209 | | | | | South east (112.5–157.5) | 66712 | 10.457 | 350 | 22.450 | 2.147 | 0.239 | | | | | South (157.5–202.5) | 67903 | 10.643 | 270 | 17.319 | 1.627 | 0.181 | | | | | South west (202.5–247.5) | 77019 | 12.072 | 217 | 13.919 | 1.153 | 0.129 | | | | | West (247.5–292.5) | 67670 | 10.607 | 97 | 6.222 | 0.587 | 0.065 | | | | | Nort-west (292.5–337.5) | 42777 | 6.705 | 38 | 2.437 | 0.364 | 0.041 | | | | | North (337.5–360) | 32792 | 5.140 | 11 | 0.706 | 0.137 | 0.015 | | | | |
| LULC | Water body | 569 | 0.089 | 1 | 0.064 | 0.719 | 0.135 | 2.470 | 2.585 | 0.045 | 0.039 | Forest area | 10748 | 1.684 | 24 | 1.539 | 0.914 | 0.172 | | | | | Agricultural area | 290487 | 45.523 | 784 | 50.289 | 1.105 | 0.208 | | | | | Scrub/shrub | 282013 | 44.195 | 707 | 45.350 | 1.026 | 0.193 | | | | | Built up area | 51411 | 8.057 | 34 | 2.181 | 0.271 | 0.051 | | | | | Bare land | 2879 | 0.451 | 9 | 0.577 | 1.280 | 0.241 | | | | |
| Curvature | Concave (−14.19–(−4.07) | 2037 | 0.319 | 44 | 2.822 | 8.840 | 0.446 | 1.230 | 1.585 | 0.224 | 1.481 | Flat (−4.07) –(6.04) | 635507 | 99.610 | 1504 | 96.472 | 0.968 | 0.049 | | | | | Convex (6.04–16.16) | 449 | 0.070 | 11 | 0.706 | 10.026 | 0.505 | | | | |
| NDVI (ratio) | (−0.1)–0.07 | 8655 | 1.357 | 58 | 3.720 | 2.742 | 0.271 | 2.972 | 3.170 | 0.063 | 0.070 | 0.07–0.09 | 61467 | 9.634 | 112 | 7.184 | 0.746 | 0.074 | | | | | 0.09–0.11 | 100884 | 15.813 | 186 | 11.931 | 0.755 | 0.074 | | | | | 0.11–0.13 | 130483 | 20.452 | 243 | 15.587 | 0.762 | 0.075 | | | | | 0.13–0.15 | 125227 | 19.628 | 299 | 19.179 | 0.977 | 0.096 | | | | | 0.15–0.17 | 109386 | 17.145 | 349 | 22.386 | 1.306 | 0.129 | | | | | 0.17–0.20 | 67951 | 10.651 | 240 | 15.394 | 1.445 | 0.143 | | | | | 0.20–0.24 | 27246 | 4.271 | 65 | 4.169 | 0.976 | 0.096 | | | | | 0.24–0.45 | 6694 | 1.049 | 7 | 0.449 | 0.428 | 0.042 | | | | |
| Distance from road (m) | 0–1808.02 | 217352 | 34.068 | 365 | 23.412 | 0.687 | 0.144 | 2.252 | 2.585 | 0.129 | 0.103 | 1808.02–3616.04 | 145198 | 22.759 | 583 | 37.396 | 1.643 | 0.344 | | | | | 3616.04–5424.06 | 132792 | 20.814 | 416 | 26.684 | 1.282 | 0.268 | | | | | 5424.06–7232.08 | 90241 | 14.145 | 161 | 10.327 | 0.730 | 0.153 | | | | | 7232.08–9040.10 | 39954 | 6.262 | 30 | 1.924 | 0.307 | 0.064 | | | | | 9040.10–10848.12 | 12456 | 1.952 | 4 | 0.257 | 0.131 | 0.027 | | | | |
| Distance from river (m) | 0–500 | 224027 | 35.114 | 707 | 45.350 | 1.291 | 0.203 | 2.256 | 2.585 | 0.127 | 0.135 | 500–1000 | 186094 | 29.169 | 405 | 25.978 | 0.891 | 0.140 | | | | | 1000–1500 | 135052 | 21.168 | 236 | 15.138 | 0.715 | 0.112 | | | | | 1500–2000 | 69937 | 10.962 | 98 | 6.286 | 0.573 | 0.090 | | | | | 2000–2500 | 17047 | 2.672 | 109 | 6.992 | 2.617 | 0.411 | | | | | >2500 | 5836 | 0.915 | 4 | 0.257 | 0.280 | 0.044 | | | | |
| Distance from faults (m) | 0–500 | 131605 | 20.590 | 819 | 52.534 | 2.551 | 0.474 | 2.010 | 2.322 | 0.134 | 0.145 | 500–1000 | 94857 | 14.841 | 195 | 12.508 | 0.843 | 0.157 | | | | | 1000–1500 | 90898 | 14.221 | 177 | 11.353 | 0.798 | 0.148 | | | | | 1500–2000 | 81261 | 12.713 | 168 | 10.776 | 0.848 | 0.158 | | | | | >2000 | 240550 | 37.635 | 200 | 12.829 | 0.341 | 0.063 | | | | |
| TWI | 2.59–4.61 | 46390 | 7.271 | 345 | 22.130 | 3.043 | 0.172 | 1.966 | 2.807 | 0.300 | 0.758 | 4.61–6.63 | 367920 | 57.668 | 804 | 51.572 | 0.894 | 0.051 | | | | | 6.63–8.66 | 156410 | 24.516 | 242 | 15.523 | 0.633 | 0.036 | | | | | 8.66–10.68 | 52382 | 8.210 | 125 | 8.018 | 0.977 | 0.055 | | | | | 10.68–12.70 | 13129 | 2.058 | 39 | 2.502 | 1.216 | 0.069 | | | | | 12.70–14.72 | 1722 | 0.270 | 3 | 0.192 | 0.713 | 0.040 | | | | | 14.72–16.74 | 40 | 0.006 | 1 | 0.064 | 10.231 | 0.578 | | | | |
| Rainfall (mm) | 1335.13–1350.19 | 27659 | 4.335 | 135 | 8.659 | 1.997 | 0.261 | 2.682 | 2.807 | 0.045 | 0.049 | 1350.19–1365.25 | 69387 | 10.876 | 232 | 14.881 | 1.368 | 0.179 | | | | | 1365.25–1380.31 | 84450 | 13.237 | 156 | 10.006 | 0.756 | 0.099 | | | | | 1380.31–1395.37 | 78482 | 12.301 | 81 | 5.196 | 0.422 | 0.055 | | | | | 1395.37–1410.43 | 108772 | 17.049 | 264 | 16.934 | 0.993 | 0.130 | | | | | 1410.43–1425.48 | 155896 | 24.435 | 390 | 25.016 | 1.024 | 0.134 | | | | | 1425.48–1440.54 | 113347 | 17.766 | 301 | 19.307 | 1.087 | 0.142 | | | | |
|
|