Innovation of Shear Connectors in Slim Floor Beam Construction

Table 3

Summary of studies on shear connectors in slim floor construction conducted using flexural test.

No.	Author and year	Type of shear connectors	Methods	Parameters considered	Conclusion
1	[59]	Headed shear stud	Experimental	Spacing of shear stud	The composite beam showed adequate structural behaviour under flexural shear. Results indicated that the shear stud on the top of web is necessary for the composite action.
2	[28]	Web opening	Experimental	Strengths of concrete.	Concrete infill increased the ultimate load-capacity composite beam up to double. The postfailure load is higher than that of the only steel beam.
3	[55]	Headed shear stud	Experimental	Stud position	Shear studs in a vertical position on both sides of the bottom flange proved it as the most efficient. The studs on the bottom flange improved the load capacity compared to the specimens without studs.
4	[56]	Headed shear stud	Experimental	Positions of shear studs	The shear stud that welds on the bottom flange showed improved loading capacity. The specimens with shear studs are considered more ductility than those without.
5	[64]	Web opening	Experimental and analytical	Web opening	Using a shear stud or tie bar improves the shear resistance. It enhances the slip behaviour and ductility, and shear capacity increases with larger web opening diameter and higher concrete strengths.
		Tie bars		Web opening with tie bar
		Headed shear
		Stud
		Ducts
6	[1]	Headed shear stud	Analytical	Headed shear studs. Horizontal studs.	Proposing design equations based on the plastic analysis method to predict the ultimate loading under flexural. The design procedures were in accordance with the principles in eurocode 4.
		Concrete dowels		Dowel reinforcement.
7	[34]	Web opening	Design proposal	Locations of sections that were analysed during the beam span	Despite the increasing span up to 25%.
					Achieving optimum advantages of the structural system with keeping the features of a slim floor. Adding to limiting the deformation.
8	[35]	Headed shear stud	Experimental and analytical	Shear connection	Certain connector parts were designed to be RC dowels to prevent failure to connect between the steel beam and the concrete slab. Experimental and analytical outcomes displayed sufficient consistency.
		Web opening		Loading
				With or without concrete dowel
9	[90]	Headed shear stud	Experimental	Depth of slim floor beams.	The slim floor beam showed adequate flexural behaviour and well interaction between the steel and concrete. Concrete and steel are considered to work together regarding the flexural capacity, the shape of steel beam, and deformations.
		Web opening		Type and size of steel shape beam.
10	[30]	Transverse steel bar	Experimental	Shear interaction: 25/40/100%.	Transverse bars proved to be sufficient shear connections and increased the ductility in a composite beam. Bigger dowels of concrete improved the performance of the slim floor beam.
				Clamping. Concrete cover.
				Shear studs.
				Diameter of concrete dowel.
11	[25]	Web opening dowel shear connector	Experimental and numerical	Diameter of the concrete dowel cylinder.	The concrete dowel in the steel web has a necessary function in the load capacity. A larger hole led to reduced load-moment of the steel beam. The diameter of the tie bar increased the load capacity. Recommended hole to be from 80 to 120 mm.
				Embedded the tie rebar in the dowel.
				Strength of concrete.