Additive Manufacturing: A Novel Method for Developing an Acoustic Panel Made of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Enhanced Mechanical and Acoustical Properties

Table 3

Some of the research studies on 3D printing of the natural filler composites and its discussion.

Polymer	Natural fillers	Discussion	Void (pore, crack, or gap) formation	Reference
PLA	Hemp and harakeke	3D printing of the natural fibers has been initiated	Yes	[28]
PLA	Bamboo and flax	The length over diameter ratio of the fibers has been investigated	Yes	[31]
PLA	Wood	Effect of printing layer thickness on the water absorption and mechanical properties is investigated	Yes	[32]
PLA	Wood	Physical and mechanical properties of the filaments were studied varying the wood content	Yes	[33]
PLA	Aspen wood flour	Adding 5% wood content to the polymer does not change the melting temperature of the composite	Yes	[34]
PLA	Pine lignin	Phase morphology and the mechanical properties of the printed material were studied	Yes	[35]
PLA	Thermomechanical pulp (TMP)	Water absorption and mechanical properties of the composite were investigated	Yes	[36]
PLA	Sugarcane	Effect of printing orientation on mechanical properties of the composite was studied	Yes	[37]
PHB	Sawmill	Warping of the composite with respect to addition of fillers was investigated	Yes	[38]
Polyethylene	Thermomechanical pulp	Polyethylene-based filament for AM has been initiated	Yes	[39]
ABS	Rice straw	Water absorption and mechanical properties of the composite were studied	Yes	[40]
ABS	Macadamia nutshells	Mechanical properties of the composite were studied	Yes	[41]
Polypropylene	Hemp and harakeke	This study was conducted to check the potentiality of natural fiber-reinforced polypropylene filaments	Yes	[42]
bioPE	TMP	Mechanical properties of the composite were studied	Yes	[43]
Polyurethane	Wood flour	Rheological and mechanical properties of the composite were discussed	Yes	[44]