Additive Manufacturing: A Novel Method for Developing an Acoustic Panel Made of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Enhanced Mechanical and Acoustical Properties

Table 10

Mechanical properties of natural fibers.

Fibers	Type	Density (g/cm^3)	Tensile strength (MPa)	Young’s modulus (GPa)	References
Coir	Fruit	1.2	150–200	3.0–6.0	[62]
Oil palm	Fruit	0.7–1.5	250	3.1	[62]
Flax	Bast	1.35	350–1050	28	[62]
Kenaf	Bast	1.2	290–950	50	[62]
Jute	Bast	1.23	180–775	12–28	[62]
Ramie	Bast	1.44	400–950	60–120	[62]
Hemp	Bast	1.35	550–1100	65–75	[62]
Roselle	Bast	0.75–0.8	300–850	25–60	[71]
Sisal	Leaf	1.2	500–800	9.0–23	[62]
Banana	Leaf	1.35	520–920	8–35	[62]
Abaca	Leaf	1.5	12	41	[72]
Pineapple	Leaf	1.52	410–1625	34–85	[66]
Agave	Leaf	1.36	385	—	[73]
Raphia	Leaf	1.53	152–270	—	[74]
Kapok	Seed	0.38	90–95	4	[72]
Cotton	Seed	1.55	300–700	5–10	[72]
Loofah sponge	Seed	0.3–0.65	11.2	1.32	[75]
Milk weed	Seed	0.97	280–380	8.2–9.2	[76]
Soft wood	Wood	1.5	1050	40	[62]
Hard wood	Wood	1.2	1000	38	[62]
Rice	Stalk	1.65	450	1.2	[62]
Wheat	Stalk	1.6	275	4.5–6.5	[62]
Barley	Stalk	—	—	0.3–0.6	[77]
Maize	Stalk	—	12–100	1–20	[78]
Bamboo	Grass	0.8–1.4	390–1100	10–30	[62]
Bagasse	Grass	1.2	20–300	—	[62]
Corn	Grass	0.344	160–175	4.5–5.1	[18]
Sabai	Grass	—	76	—	[79]
Esparto	Grass	1.3–2.1	18–28 (cN/tex)	—	[80]