Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications

Table 1

Sizes of ZnO NR diameter and thickness grown from ZA and ZN sources at various growth times t.

t		Zinc sources
		ZA (zinc acetate dihydrate)	ZN (zinc nitrate hexahydrate)
0 minutes		Diameter = 10–20 nm	Diameter = 10–20 nm
		Thickness = 0.1 μm	Thickness = 0.1 μm
15 minutes		Diameter = 10–20 nm	Diameter = 10–20 nm
		Thickness = 0.3–0.4 μm	Thickness = 0.1–0.2 μm
60 minutes		Diameter = 10–20 nm	Diameter = 10–20 nm
		Thickness = 0.5–0.6 μm	Thickness = 0.4–0.5 μm
90 minutes		Diameter = 10–20 nm	Diameter = 10–20 nm
		Thickness = 1.0–1.1 μm	Thickness = 0.7–0.8 μm
120 minutes		Diameter = 30–120 nm	Diameter = 10–20 nm
		Thickness = 2.0–2.1 μm	Thickness = 0.8–0.9 μm