Flexural and Shear Behavior of FRP Strengthened AASHTO Type Concrete Bridge Girders

Table 3

Flexural FEM and hand calculation results: control girder.

Parameter	FEM	Hand calculations
Deflection due to prestress, mm	−18	−18
Deflection at application of self-weight, mm	−3.5	−4.0
Zero deflection load, kN	44.5	51.0
Decompression load, kN	113	117
Initial cracking load, kN	242	241
Failure load, kN	1003	897
Failure stress in prestressing steel, MPa	1826	1742