Diabetes Mellitus and Increased Tuberculosis Susceptibility: The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Figure 1

Short-chain fatty acids inhibit Mtb-induced cytokine responses. (a) PBMCs were preincubated with 2–250 μM SCFAs for 1 h prior to stimulation with Mtb lysate for 24 h and 7 d. Hereafter TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-22 were measured in supernatants by ELISA. Data are means ± SEM (), using Wilcoxon signed-rank test, representative of 2 independent experiments. . (b) Heat map of log-transformed mean cytokine responses as measured by ELISA, showing cytokines upregulated (red) and downregulated (blue) upon H37Rv stimulation in the presence of different doses of SCFAs. Cytokine responses are shown as compared to H37Rv stimulation alone. .