Groundwater is a critical and reliable water source for drinking and agricultural purposes worldwide. Access to safe drinking water is critical, as most urban and rural populations rely on both surface and groundwater resources in many countries. In general, natural and anthropogenic factors influence the geochemical composition of groundwater. The evolution of groundwater chemistry is influenced by water-rock interaction, geochemical, hydrogeological, and environmental factors, resulting in large spatial variations and contamination. Groundwater chemistry may also be influenced by human activity, such as agrarian, industrial, and mining pollution.

Recently, rapid urbanization, industrial growth, agrochemicals, and population pressure have posed significant threats to the quality and quantity of groundwater. Numerous studies have found that drinking groundwater contaminated with fluoride, nitrates, and heavy metals pose health risks worldwide. Even so, many groundwater sources are at risk of contamination. Groundwater chemistry and pollution need to be studied globally and across disciplines in order to identify and promote the most effective methods/tools for assessing, developing, and managing groundwater. Groundwater quality must be constantly monitored and characterized to prevent further groundwater deterioration and human health issues.

This Special Issue will address the groundwater quality issues and the associated risks to human health. The primary objective is to promote integrated approaches that incorporate geospatial tools, numerical and geochemical modeling, statistical techniques, vulnerability, health risk assessment, and treatment and prevention methods. This special volume will provide a comprehensive overview of groundwater chemistry and its relationship to geological and anthropogenic contexts. This issue will feature articles highlighting newly acquired knowledge in the field of groundwater through both interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches. This research topic is looking for original research and review articles that are insightful, predictive, and observational studies.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Groundwater quality is monitored and assessed using geochemical, statistical, modeling, and geospatial techniques
• Identification of the source via natural and anthropogenic impacts
• Investigation of formation mechanisms of groundwater chemistry
• Assessment of the impact of climate change on groundwater geochemistry
• Gas and Isotopic tracers for biogeochemical and hydrologic processes
• Vulnerability assessment using index and process-based models
• The effect of waste or waste treatment on the chemistry and pollution of groundwater
• Human health risk assessment associated with consumption of contaminated groundwater
• Remediation technologies entailed the treatment and removal of pollutants