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Feedstock | Pyrolysis temp (°C) | Detected organic pollutants | Effect | Reference |
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Hardwood | 450°C–500°C | 10 PAH | Enhanced seedling growth. Greatest capacity to neutralize allelochemicals present in corn residues. | [153] |
Corn | 500°C | 5 PAH | Enhanced seedling growth. |
732°C | 15 PAH |
Switch grass | 850°C | 17 PAH | Suppressed seedling growth. |
845°C | 19 PAH |
Coconut, pine nut and walnut shells | 500°C | Carbamazepine and tetracycline | Fe3O4 enhancement exhibited fast and high sorption for carbamazepine and tetracycline. Ball milling is effective for degradation of adsorbed carbamazepine and tetracycline on the adsorbents. | [154] |
Pig manure | 350 and 700°C | Carbaryl and atrazine | The pesticides were adsorbed by the biochars. Hydrolyze faster on elevated pH with biochar 700°C. Carbaryl and atrazine decomposed by 71.8% and 27.9%. | [51] |
Pine wood, corn stalks, peanut shells, rice straw, and wheat straw | 200, 350, 500, and 700°C, | p-Nitrophenol, p-aminophenol | PNP degraded through the direct contact with EPFRs. Biochars degrade PNP in soil and natural water. EPFR-promoted degradation for 5 biochars and PNP. | [155] |
Cottonwood | 600°C | Methylene blue and phosphate | Excellent adsorption abilities for the contaminants. | [156] |
Birchwood and Norway spruce wood | 380°C–430°C | Glyphosate, diuron | Duron adsorption enhanced by biochar in soils. Glyphosate adsorption decreased in sandy soil. Ageing of soil-biochar mixtures decreased adsorption of both herbicides. | [157] |
Lignin and cellulose | 500°C | p-Nitrophenol | PNP decay was only modestly suppressed (12–30%). Lignin char more reactive than cellulose char. The Fe impurity in lignin played no role. | [158] |
Pig manure, rice and wheat straw | 350 and 700°C | Carbaryl | Enhanced chemical hydrolysis of carbaryl at high temp. Promoted biodegradation at low temp. high temp reduced biodegradation of carbaryl. | [41] |
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