Influence of Advanced Injection Timing and Fuel Additive on Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Running on Plastic Pyrolysis Oil

Table 1

PPO and diesel properties.

Property	Method	PPO	Diesel
Density@15°C (kg/l)	ASTM D4052	0.9813	0.8398
Kinematic viscosity@40°C (cSt)	IP 71	1.918	2.62
Flash point (°C)	ASTM D93	13	59.5
Aromatic content (%)	IP 391	65.5	29.5
Acid number (mg KOH/g)	IP 139	41	0
LHV (MJ/kg)	ASTM D240	38.300	42.900
Water content (mg/kg)	ASTM D6304	1190	65
Ash content (wt.%)	IP 391	0.166	<0.001
Carbon residue (wt.%)	ASTM D4530	4.83	<0.01
Hydrogen content (wt.%)	ASTM D5291	8.5	13.38
Carbon content (wt.%)	ASTM D5291	87.9	86.57
Oxygen content (wt.%)	ASTM D5622	3.3	0.05
Sulphur content (wt.%)	ASTM D5453	0.155	0.0014
Nitrogen content (mg/kg)	ASTM D4629	820	44