The Review of Nuclear Microscopy Techniques: An Approach for Nondestructive Trace Elemental Analysis and Mapping of Biological Materials

Table 1

The elemental concentrations in regions of interest (ROI) for a typical corn root sample. The maps below the table show the ROI: whole root, epidermis, cortex, endodermis, and vascular tissues. For each ROI, the average concentration, the 95% confidence interval, and the standard deviation are presented for all quantified elements.

Element	ROI whole			ROI epidermis			ROI cortex			ROI endodermis			ROI vascular tissues
	Conc. ppm	CI 95%	SD	Conc. ppm	CI 95%	SD	Conc. ppm	CI 95%	SD	Conc. ppm	CI 95%	SD	Conc. ppm	CI 95%	SD
P	541	131	106	601	129	104	384	141	114	842	251	202	406	237	191
S	591	180	145	653	146	117	457	164	132	834	138	111	312	57	46
Cl	18	12	9	34	28	23	11	9	7	21	18	15	4	10	8
K	163	131	106	177	118	95	150	137	110	205	160	128	153	127	102
Ca	52	46	37	66	66	53	31	7	6	60	39	31	23	4	3
Ti	11	17	13	18	28	22	10	16	13	20	34	28	9	17	13
Cr	2.3	1	1	2	1	1	2	1	1	4	4	3	3	2	2
Mn	1.3	1	1	1	2	2	1	1	1	2	1	1	3	3	2
Fe	106	27	22	114	23	18	85	30	24	129	28	22	67	32	26
Ni	2.8	5	4	2	4	3	4	6	5	1	2	1	12	24	19
Cu	3.2	2	1	2	2	2	4	4	3	1	2	1	13	20	16
Zn	7.7	6	5	4	4	3	11	11	9	5	8	6	16	24	19
As	3.1	2	2	2	3	3	9	14	11	1	3	2	11	18	14