|
| Variables | Coefficient | t-stat | Pseudoelasticities (%) |
| Severe injury (SI) | Minor injury (MI) | No injury (NI) |
|
| Constant (SI) | −2.895 | −9.51 | — | — | — |
| Constant (MI) | −1.454 | −9.56 | — | — | — |
| Random parameter (normally distributed) |
| Winter indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (NI) | 1.356 | 2.89 | −0.03 | −0.03 | 0.39 |
| Standard deviation of the parameter density function | 1.737 | 1.85 | — | — | — |
| Heterogeneity in the mean of random parameter |
| Winter indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (NI): rainy/snowy/foggy indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) | −1.246 | −2.48 | — | — | — |
| Winter indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (NI): head-on collision indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) | −1.396 | −2.41 | — | — | — |
| Driver characteristics |
| Female indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (SI) | −1.750 | −2.91 | −19.58 | 0.49 | 0.40 |
| Young driver indicator (1 if below 25-years-old; otherwise, 0) (SI) | −0.952 | −2.27 | −11.63 | 0.74 | 0.61 |
| Rookie driving experience indicator (1 if below 3 years; otherwise, 0) (NI) | 0.580 | 2.44 | −4.18 | −4.18 | 1.84 |
| Intermediate driving experience indicator (1 if 10–15 years; otherwise, 0) (SI) | −1.460 | −3.71 | −20.69 | 1.14 | 0.95 |
| Intermediate driving experience indicator (1 if 10–15 years; otherwise, 0) (MI) | −0.351 | −1.68 | 1.63 | −3.62 | 1.32 |
| Expert driving experience indicator (1 if above 15 years; otherwise, 0) (SI) | −0.973 | −3.09 | −15.59 | 1.35 | 1.11 |
| Driver under alcohol influence indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (MI) | 1.542 | 8.84 | −17.39 | 14.05 | −14.96 |
| No seatbelt use indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (MI) | 1.040 | 3.51 | 1.00 | −4.79 | 0.81 |
| Vehicle characteristics |
| Truck indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (SI) | 2.014 | 5.66 | 19.51 | −5.82 | −5.00 |
| Truck indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (NI) | −2.332 | −4.86 | −8.44 | −8.44 | 4.03 |
| Roadway characteristics |
| Road without isolation indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (NI) | 0.768 | 4.19 | −10.67 | −10.67 | 4.38 |
| Large uphill grade indicator (1 if 2% or greater vertical grade; otherwise, 0) (NI) | 1.144 | 1.98 | −1.80 | −1.80 | 0.39 |
| Crash characteristics |
| Head-on collision indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (SI) | −1.452 | −4.11 | −26.63 | 1.75 | 1.28 |
| Head-on collision indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (MI) | −0.618 | −2.99 | 4.00 | −8.07 | 3.18 |
| Summer indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (SI) | −0.728 | −2.71 | −16.95 | 1.24 | 1.24 |
| Autumn indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (MI) | −0.304 | −1.82 | 2.01 | −4.88 | 2.01 |
| Rainy/snowy/foggy indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (NI) | 1.020 | 4.28 | −10.40 | −10.40 | 4.77 |
| Low visibility indicator (1 if below 50 meters; otherwise, 0) (MI) | 1.764 | 3.59 | −2.12 | 1.93 | −1.95 |
| Medium visibility indicator (1 if 100–200 meters; otherwise, 0) (MI) | −0.348 | −2.54 | 4.13 | −9.57 | 3.27 |
| Dark-no light indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (NI) | 1.314 | 3.46 | −4.31 | −4.31 | 1.32 |
| Temporal characteristics |
| Nighttime off-peak indicator (1 if time 19:30–23:59; otherwise, 0) (SI) | −1.691 | −3.91 | −17.28 | 1.40 | 0.96 |
| Nighttime off-peak indicator (1 if time 19:30–23:59; otherwise, 0) (MI) | −0.713 | −2.63 | 1.70 | −6.18 | 1.24 |
| Early morning indicator (1 if time 00:00–7:00; otherwise, 0) (SI) | −1.768 | −3.31 | −17.46 | 0.72 | 0.60 |
| Daytime off-peak indicator (1 if time 9:00–16:59; otherwise, 0) (SI) | −0.581 | −2.34 | −11.98 | 1.39 | 1.19 |
|
| Number of observations above and below zero generated from the random parameter | Above zero | Below zero |
|
| Winter indicator (1 if yes; otherwise, 0) (NI) | 78.08% | 21.92% |
| Goodness-of-fit measures | | |
| McFadden R-squared | 0.307 | |
|
