Research Article
A Precrash Scenario Analysis Comparing Safety Performance across Autonomous Vehicle Driving Modes
Table 2
Descriptive statistics of California AV crash dataset (sample size = 484).
| Variable | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
| Someone injured | | | Yes | 73 | 15.08 | No | 411 | 84.92 | Vehicle damage | | | None | 38 | 7.85 | Minor | 368 | 76.03 | Moderate | 71 | 14.67 | Major | 7 | 1.45 | Vehicle manufacturer | | | Waymo LLC | 193 | 39.88 | Cruise LLC | 176 | 36.36 | Other | 115 | 23.76 | Production year of the AV | | | 2016 | 71 | 14.67 | 2017 | 117 | 24.17 | 2018 | 7 | 1.45 | 2019 | 81 | 16.74 | 2020 | 71 | 14.67 | 2021 | 124 | 25.62 | 2022 | 13 | 2.69 | Number of vehicles involved | | | 1 | 77 | 15.91 | 2 | 402 | 83.06 | 3 | 5 | 1.03 | Movement preceding crash | | | Stopped | 188 | 38.84 | Proceeding straight | 199 | 41.12 | Making left turn | 41 | 8.47 | Making right turn | 35 | 7.23 | Backing | 21 | 4.34 | Type of crash | | | Head-on | 87 | 17.98 | Rear-end | 230 | 47.52 | Left crash | 85 | 17.56 | Right crash | 82 | 16.94 | AV driving mode | | | Autonomous driving | 234 | 48.35 | Conventional driving | 168 | 34.71 | Driving takeover | 82 | 16.94 | Facility type | | | Intersection | 238 | 49.17 | Road segment | 231 | 47.73 | Parking lot | 15 | 3.10 | Time of the crash | | | Morning peak 7:00–9:00 | 47 | 9.71 | Daytime 9:00–17:00 | 273 | 56.40 | Evening peak 17:00–19:00 | 42 | 8.68 | Night 19:00–7:00 | 122 | 25.21 | Weather | | | Clear | 432 | 89.26 | Rainy | 14 | 2.89 | Cloudy | 33 | 6.82 | Fog/visibility | 5 | 1.03 | Light | | | Daylight | 357 | 73.76 | Dark with street lights | 122 | 25.21 | Dark without streetlights | 5 | 1.03 |
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