The Impacts of High-Speed Railway on Urban GDP and Its Agglomeration: Evidence from China

Table 4

The causal elastic relationship between HSR and urban economic agglomeration.

Dependent variables
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
	0.496 (0.000)		0.152 (0.000)		0.142 (0.000)
		0.126 (0.000)		0.071 (0.000)		0.072 (0.000)
Control variables	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
and	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Constant	−3.141 (0.000)	−3.082 (0.000)	−3.653 (0.000)	−4.084 (0.000)	−3.456 (0.000)	−3.793 (0.000)
overall	0.099	0.244	0.676	0.645	0.579	0.544
within	0.294	0.668	0.778	0.873	0.782	0.875
between	0.114	0.312	0.670	0.630	0.577	0.541
City	30	30	30	30	30	30
Year	10	10	10	10	10	10
Observations	300	300	300	300	300	300