Microscopic Traffic Simulation Calibration Level for Reliable Estimation of Vehicle Emissions

Table 4

Total vehicle emissions and error rates (%) between ground truth and estimated emissions according to calibration levels.

Emissions	Ground truth	L0	L1	L2	L3	L4	L4-pc
CO (kg)	2.06	1.66	2.43	2.22	2.18	2.17	1.69
		(−19.8%)	(17.8%)	(7.3%)	(5.5%)	(4.8%)	(−18.2%)
CO2 (kg)	778	616	943	845	831	823	639
		(−20.7%)	(21.3%)	(8.6%)	(6.8%)	(5.8%)	(−17.8%)
NOx (g)	281	264	293	292	289	281	204
		(−6.4%)	(4.1%)	(3.6%)	(2.8%)	(−0.1%)	(−27.6%)