Comparing the Efficacy of Two Cognitive Screening Tools in Identifying Gray and White Matter Brain Damage among Older Adults
Table 1
Sociodemographic and clinical variables of older adults (N = 90) with no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or moderate cognitive impairment (MoCI).
Variables
NCI
MCI
MoCI
(n = 39)
(n = 36)
(n = 15)
Age (years)
66.2 ± 4.0A
69.8 ± 6.5A
74.1 ± 8.3B
<0.001
Sex, n (%)
Male
11 (28.2)
9 (25.0)
8 (53.3)
0.120
Female
28 (71.8)
27 (75.0)
7 (46.7)
Schooling (years)
9.6 ± 3.1A
7.4 ± 3.1B
7.5 ± 3.2B
0.007
Monthly salary, n (%)
1 to 2 minimum wages
23 (59.0)
28 (77.8)
13 (86.7)
0.069
>2 minimum wages
16 (41.0)
8 (22.2)
2 (13.3)
Level of physical activity, n (%)
Sedentary
8 (20.5)
7 (19.4)
4 (26.7)
0.797
Insufficiently active
16 (41.0)
19 (52.8)
7 (46.7)
Active
15 (28.5)
10 (27.8)
4 (26.7)
Presence of chronic disease, n (%)
30 (76.9)
29 (80.6)
12 (80.0)
0.922
Coronavirus infection, n (%)
12 (30.8)
9 (25.0)
1 (6.7)
0.181
Tobacco use, n (%)
0 (0.0)
2 (5.6)
1 (6.7)
0.299
Alcohol use, n (%)
4 (10.3)
2 (5.6)
2 (13.3)
0.622
Total body mass (kg)
72.3 ± 16.3
68.7 ± 12.9
67.0 ± 14.2
0.396
Height (cm)
159.2 ± 6.6
155.5 ± 7.1
157.6 ± 8.3
0.084
Body mass index (kg/m2)
28.4 ± 5.2
28.4 ± 4.9
26.9 ± 4.5
0.572
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
115.9 ± 13.2
117.3 ± 10.1
112.9 ± 16.0
0.522
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
74.1 ± 8.5
74.9 ± 7.2
71.9 ± 9.5
0.491
Baseline heart rate (bpm)
65.6 ± 11.4
65.1 ± 9.9
61.9 ± 13.4
0.539
Amount of medication (n)
2.9 ± 1.9
2.4 ± 1.8
3.3 ± 2.3
0.299
Activities of daily living (ADLs) (n)
6.0 ± 0.0A
4.8 ± 0.5B
3.1 ± 0.9C
<0.001
Instrumental ADLs (n)
25.8 ± 0.8A
23.7 ± 1.4B
17.6 ± 2.9C
<0.001
Beck Depression Inventory (n)
12.8 ± 8.0
13.0 ± 4.6
9.6 ± 5.1
0.194
Trail-making test part A
50.5 ± 19.1A
75.4 ± 42.5A
123.73 ± 66.4B
<0.001
Trail-making test part B
150.6 ± 65.1A
265.5 ± 110.6B
333.63 ± 113.7C
<0.001
Mini-Mental State Examination (n)
26.5 ± 2.4A
23.8 ± 2.7B
18.9 ± 4.4C
<0.001
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (n)
22.0 ± 2.8A
16.3 ± 2.6B
12.9 ± 4.3C
<0.001
Indicate statistically significant values. Means ± standard deviation (SD) with different letters represents statistically significant values () in the comparison between groups according to the Tukey’s post hoc test.