Review Article
Use of Physical and Intellectual Activities and Socialization in the Management of Cognitive Decline of Aging and in Dementia: A Review
Table 3
Summary of studies on the effect of socialization on incident dementia.
| Study | Length and frequency | Protocol | Sample | MMSE (baseline mean) | Outcome measures | Major findings |
| Wilson et al. [76] | 4 years; annual check up | Longitudinal clinicopathological cohort study | | | (i) Clinical diagnosis of AD (ii) Change in measures of global cognition and specific cognitive functions | (i) Loneliness associated with cognitive decline and development of AD |
| Wang et al. [77] | Data collection (9 years) | Longitudinal population-based study | | 27.3 | (i) Frequency of social and leisure activities engaged 6.4 years before diagnosis (ii) Baseline MMSE (iii) MMSE of incident dementia cases | (i) Socially and mentally stimulating activity may preserve mental functioning in the elderly, reducing risk of dementia |
| Friedland et al. [78] | | Questionnaire data collection |
| | (i) Monthly involvement in possible 26 nonoccupational activities at early adulthood and middle adulthood | (i) AD patients are less active in midlife than HC participants |
| Bennet et al. [79] | 6-7 years | Longitudinal, epidemiological clinicopathological cohort study | | 25.8 (not used in analysis) | (i) Annual clinical evaluation (ii) Brain autopsy at death (iii) Social network size (number of individuals seen at least once/month) | (i) Larger social network sizes observed in participants with higher level of cognition |
| Fratiglioni et al. [80] | 3 years | Longitudinal community-based study | | >23 | (i) Social network at baseline, clinical evaluation at baseline and 3 years | (i) Limited social network ties and interaction increased risk of developing dementia |
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: number of participants in healthy control group and group diagnosed with AD. MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination.
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