Physical Activity and Hip Fracture Disability: A Review

Table 5

Representative commonplace assessments and related checklist that could be used in primary care or community settings during regular examinations as well as among those receiving surgical interventions for a first hip fracture to identify those at high risk for first and secondary hip fractures and poor outcomes, as well as associated potential intervention areas.

Measures	Results
Physical
Body weight	Underweight	Normal	Overweight
Bone density status, bone scan, and ultrasound [94]	Normal		Low
Cardiac status and cardiogram	Normal		Subnormal
Blood pressure	Normal	High	Low
Pain (visual analogue scale) [173]	0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Physical activity (yale physical activity survey) [173]	Normal		Sedentary
Smoker	yes		no
Musculoskeletal
Arm muscle circumference and triceps skinfold thickness [85]	Normal		Subnormal
Balance capacity, single-leg stance test, and berg balance scale [106]	Normal		Subnormal
Functional independence measure (FIM) [94]	Normal		Subnormal
Muscular strength and manual knee extensor muscle test	Normal		Subnormal
Sensorimotor reflexes, sensation, joint position sense	Normal		Subnormal
Clinical
Mental health status—Folstein minimental state exam	Normal		Subnormal
Drug usage—medication check list	0–3	4–6	7+
Fear of falling—survey	yes		no
Nutritional status—dietician	Normal		Subnormal
Medical conditions—check list-physician	0	1–3	3+
Previous falls history—survey	yes		no
Visual status	Normal		Impaired
Environmental
Home hazards, visiting nurse, or occupational therapist	yes		no
	List number of risk factors: _____