The Impact of Physical Activity on Disability Incidence among Older Adults in Mexico and the United States
Table 4
Multinomial models for outcome at time 2 for persons without ADL limitations at Time 1, united states and mexico.
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Model 4
United States
Mexico
Panel model
Panel model with interaction
One ADL
2 ADLs +
Death
One ADL
2 ADLs +
Death
One ADL
2 ADLs +
Death
One ADL
2 ADLs +
Death
Age
1.06
1.07
1.09
1.05
1.07
1.07
1.05
1.07
1.08
1.05
1.07
1.08
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.00)
(0.01)
(0.00)
(0.00)
(0.01)
(0.00)
Female
1.08
1.23
0.50
1.40
1.46
0.59
1.20
1.36
0.55
1.23
1.38
0.55
(0.11)
(0.18)
(0.05)
(0.18)
(0.20)
(0.08)
(0.09)
(0.13)
(0.04)
(0.10)
(0.14)
(0.04)
Single
0.60
0.93
0.63
1.03
1.16
1.47
0.74
0.95
0.96
0.77
0.96
0.97
(0.09)
(0.24)
(0.10)
(0.20)
(0.22)
(0.30)
(0.08)
(0.13)
(0.11)
(0.08)
(0.13)
(0.11)
Widowed
0.85
1.24
0.84
1.12
0.95
1.72
1.04
1.06
1.35
1.06
1.07
1.36
(0.14)
(0.34)
(0.15)
(0.17)
(0.15)
(0.27)
(0.12)
(0.14)
(0.16)
(0.12)
(0.14)
(0.16)
Education
0.96
0.93
0.95
0.95
0.90
0.98
0.95
0.91
0.97
0.95
0.91
0.97
(0.02)
(0.02)
(0.02)
(0.02)
(0.02)
(0.02)
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.01)
(0.01)
Wealth med
0.77
0.94
0.64
0.85
0.93
0.97
0.80
0.94
0.74
0.80
0.94
0.74
(0.09)
(0.16)
(0.08)
(0.12)
(0.13)
(0.15)
(0.07)
(0.10)
(0.07)
(0.07)
(0.10)
(0.07)
Wealth high
0.59
0.66
0.53
0.88
0.83
0.75
0.68
0.74
0.60
0.68
0.75
0.60
(0.07)
(0.12)
(0.07)
(0.13)
(0.13)
(0.12)
(0.06)
(0.09)
(0.06)
(0.07)
(0.09)
(0.06)
Urban
0.85
0.85
1.08
0.84
1.00
1.30
0.86
0.93
1.17
0.86
0.93
1.18
(0.08)
(0.12)
(0.11)
(0.11)
(0.13)
(0.18)
(0.07)
(0.09)
(0.10)
(0.07)
(0.09)
(0.10)
Insurance
0.86
0.93
1.22
1.23
1.22
0.86
1.13
1.19
0.94
1.16
1.20
0.95
(0.24)
(0.44)
(0.45)
(0.16)
(0.16)
(0.12)
(0.13)
(0.15)
(0.12)
(0.14)
(0.15)
(0.12)
Exercise
0.35
0.36
0.43
0.89
0.55
0.52
0.48
0.44
0.45
0.35
0.35
0.42
(0.04)
(0.06)
(0.04)
(0.12)
(0.09)
(0.08)
(0.04)
(0.05)
(0.04)
(0.04)
(0.06)
(0.04)
Country
0.42
0.72
0.51
0.35
0.66
0.49
(0.06)
(0.14)
(0.08)
(0.05)
(0.13)
(0.08)
Country* exercise
2.51
1.55
1.20
(0.42)
(0.34)
(0.23)
Number of obs
10,683
9,184
19,867
19,867
Pseudo--square
0.0969
0.0637
0.0827
0.0845
LR chi2
994.01
484.73
1484.9
1517.06
Prob>chi2
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
Notes: HRS included persons age 51 and older at time 1; MHAS included 52 years and older at time 1; ADL: activities of daily living; cells indicate relative risk ratios, standard Errors in parentheses, reference category; no ADL limitations at time 2. -value < .001, -value < .01, -value < .05.