78 sedentary women were assigned to either brisk walking () for 1 year or controls ()
DXA (Lunar DPX-L) (GE Medical Systems, Madison, WI) and McCue Ultrasonics (Winchester, UK)
Regular brisk walking for 1 year increased BMD significantly at calcaneus and almost significantly at the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women compared to controls
63 older people with chronic strokes were randomly assigned to exercise () with fitness and mobility exercise program and control () with a seated upper extremity program
DXA (QDR 4500) (Hologic Inc., Waltham, MA)
Exercise group maintained the femoral neck BMD, while a significant reduction in BMD was observed in controls
54-old-male runners were intervened longitudinally over a 5- to 7-year period
DXA (QDR 1500) (Hologic, Inc., Bedford, MA)
Hip and spine BMD were maintained by a 4- to 5-year running period compared to their baseline measurement
DXA = dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, QCT = quantitative computed tomography.
*Reference no. [9] did not show a positive effect on bone and although it is discussed in the text, it is not presented in the table.