Fei Qi

Guang-Guo Ying

Kaimin Shih

Jolanta Kumirska

Elif Pehlivanoglu-Mantas

Xiaojun Luo

Analysis and Fate of Emerging Pollutants during Water Treatment

The presence of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the environment has gained a considerable attention due to their potential impacts on public health. This study reports the first data on the occurrence of 15 PAEs in the water near the Mopanshan Reservoir&#x2014;the new and important water source of Harbin city in Northeast China. As drinking water is a major source for human exposure to PAEs, the fate of target PAEs in the two waterworks (Mopanshan Waterworks and Seven Waterworks) was also analyzed. The results demonstrated that the total concentrations of 15 PAEs in the water near the Mopanshan Reservoir were relatively moderate, ranging from 355.8 to 9226.5&#x2009;ng/L, with the mean value of 2943.1&#x2009;ng/L. DBP and DEHP dominated the PAE concentrations, which ranged from 52.5 to 4498.2&#x2009;ng/L and 128.9 to 6570.9&#x2009;ng/L, respectively. The occurrence and concentrations of these compounds were heavily spatially dependent. Meanwhile, the results on the waterworks samples suggested no significant differences in PAE levels with the input of the raw waters. Without effective and stable removal of PAEs after the conventional drinking water treatment in the waterworks (25.8&#x25; to 76.5&#x25;), the risks posed by PAEs through drinking water ingestion were still existing, which should be paid special attention to the source control in the Mopanshan Reservoir and some advanced treatment processes for drinking water supplies.

Yu Liu

Zhonglin Chen

Jimin Shen

Occurrence and Removal Characteristics of Phthalate Esters from Typical Water Sources in Northeast China

In the last years, hormone consumption has increased exponentially. Because of that, hormone compounds are considered emerging pollutants since several studies have determinted their presence in water influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, a quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of oestrogens (estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and diethylstilbestrol), androgens (testosterone), and progestogens (norgestrel and megestrol acetate) has been developed to determine these compounds in wastewater samples. Due to the very low concentrations of target compounds in the environment, a solid phase extraction procedure has been optimized and developed to extract and preconcentrate the analytes. Determination and quantification were performed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The method developed presents satisfactory limits of detection (between 0.15 and 9.35 ng·<svg style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:22.5875px;" id="M1" height="15.8375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 22.5875 15.8375" width="22.5875" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,15.775)"><path id="x4C" d="M495 163l30 -6q-19 -99 -36 -157h-453v28q63 5 77.5 20t14.5 78v400q0 63 -13 77t-75 19v28h261v-28q-61 -5 -74.5 -19t-13.5 -77v-395q0 -41 5 -59t18 -25q24 -13 96 -13q85 0 112 31q30 33 51 98z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.213,7.613)"><path id="x2212" d="M535 230h-483v50h483v-50z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,16.197,7.613)"><path id="x31" d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" /></g></svg>), good recoveries (between 73 and 90% for the most of compounds), and low relative standard deviations (under 8.4%). Samples from influents and effluents of two wastewater treatment plants of Gran Canaria (Spain) were analyzed using the proposed method, finding several hormones with concentrations ranged from 5 to 300 ng·<svg style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:22.5875px;" id="M2" height="15.8375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 22.5875 15.8375" width="22.5875" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,15.775)"><use xlink:href="#x4C" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.213,7.613)"><use xlink:href="#x2212" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,16.197,7.613)"><use xlink:href="#x31" /></g></svg>.

Rayco Guedes-Alonso

Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera

Jos&#xe9; Juan Santana-Rodr&#xed;guez

Simultaneous Determination of Hormonal Residues  in Treated Waters Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Although the treatment technology of sulfamethoxazole has been investigated widely, there are various issues such as the high cost, inefficiency, and secondary pollution which restricted its application. Bioflocculant, as a novel method, is proposed to improve the removal efficiency of PPCPs, which has an advantage over other methods. Bioflocculant MFX, composed by high polymer polysaccharide and protein, is the metabolism product generated and secreted by Klebsiella sp. In this paper, MFX is added to 1&#x2009;mg/L sulfanilamide aqueous solution substrate, and the removal ratio is evaluated. According to literatures review, for MFX absorption of sulfanilamide, flocculant dosage, coagulant-aid dosage, pH, reaction time, and temperature are considered as influence parameters. The result shows that the optimum condition is 5&#x2009;mg/L bioflocculant MFX, 0.5&#x2009;mg/L coagulant aid, initial pH 5, and 1&#x2009;h reaction time, and the removal efficiency could reach 67.82&#x25;. In this condition, MFX could remove 53.27&#x25; sulfamethoxazole in domestic wastewater, and the process obeys Freundlich equation. R2 value equals 0.9641. It is inferred that hydrophobic partitioning is an important factor in determining the adsorption capacity of MFX for sulfamethoxazole solutes in water; meanwhile, some chemical reaction probably occurs.

Jie Xing

Ji-Xian Yang

Ang Li

Fang Ma

Ke-Xin Liu

Dan Wu

Wei Wei

Removal Efficiency and Mechanism of Sulfamethoxazole in Aqueous Solution by Bioflocculant MFX

The potential of triethylenetetramine (TETA) to inhibit the oxidation of pyrite in H2SO4 solution had been investigated by using the open-circuit potential (OCP), cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance (EIS), respectively. Experimental results indicate that TETA is an efficient coating agent in preventing the oxidation of pyrite and that the inhibition efficiency is more pronounced with the increase of TETA. The data from potentiodynamic polarization show that the inhibition efficiency (<svg style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:21.375px;" id="M1" height="15.65" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 21.375 15.65" width="21.375" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.15)"><path id="x1D702" d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36&#xA;q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.46,11.15)"><path id="x25" d="M594 629l-404 -661l-31 23l402 661zM194 635q70 0 107 -56t37 -125t-37.5 -125.5t-107.5 -56.5t-107 56.5t-37 124.5q0 70 37.5 126t107.5 56zM193 605q-28 0 -45 -29t-21.5 -59.5t-4.5 -62.5t4.5 -63t22 -60t45.5 -29q22 0 37.5 16t22 42t9 48t2.5 45q0 152 -72 152z&#xA;M567 351q69 0 106 -56t37 -125t-37 -125.5t-107 -56.5t-107.5 56.5t-37.5 124.5q0 43 14.5 83t49 69.5t82.5 29.5zM566 322q-28 0 -45 -28.5t-22 -59.5t-5 -64q0 -23 3 -46t10.5 -48.5t23 -41.5t36.5 -16q28 0 45 29.5t21 59.5t4 62q0 24 -2.5 46.5t-9.5 48.5t-22 42t-37 16&#xA;z" /></g></svg>) increases from 42.08% to 80.98% with the concentration of TETA increasing from 1% to 5%. These results are consistent with the measurement of EIS (43.09% to 82.55%). The information obtained from potentiodynamic polarization also displays that the TETA is a kind of mixed type inhibitor.

Yun Liu

Zhi Dang

Yin Xu

Tianyuan Xu

Pyrite Passivation by Triethylenetetramine: An Electrochemical Study

Cloud point extraction (CPE) has been used for the preconcentration and simultaneous determination of cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb) in fresh and wastewater samples. The extraction of analytes from aqueous samples was performed in the presence of 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine) as a chelating agent and Triton X-114 as a nonionic surfactant. Experiments were conducted to assess the effect of different chemical variables such as pH, amounts of reagents (oxine and Triton X-114), temperature, incubation time, and sample volume. After phase separation, based on the cloud point, the surfactant-rich phase was diluted with acidic ethanol prior to its analysis by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The enhancement factors 70 and 50 with detection limits of 0.26&#x2009;&#x3bc;g&#x2009;L&#x2212;1 and 0.44&#x2009;&#x3bc;g&#x2009;L&#x2212;1 were obtained for Co and Pb, respectively. In order to validate the developed method, a certified reference material (SRM 1643e) was analyzed and the determined values obtained were in a good agreement with the certified values. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of Co and Pb in a fresh surface and waste water sample.

Naeemullah

Tasneem Gul Kazi

Faheem Shah

Hassan Imran Afridi

Sumaira Khan

Sadaf Sadia Arian

Kapil Dev Brahman

A Green Preconcentration Method for Determination of Cobalt and Lead in Fresh Surface and Waste Water Samples Prior to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry publishes research into the methods and instrumentation used in chemical analysis, including spectroscopic, spectrometric and wet chemistry techniques, and their applications in real-world problems.

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Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Analysis and Fate of Emerging Pollutants during Water Treatment

Analysis and Fate of Emerging Pollutants during Water Treatment

Articles

Analysis and Fate of Emerging Pollutants during Water Treatment

Occurrence and Removal Characteristics of Phthalate Esters from Typical Water Sources in Northeast China

Simultaneous Determination of Hormonal Residues in Treated Waters Using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Removal Efficiency and Mechanism of Sulfamethoxazole in Aqueous Solution by Bioflocculant MFX

Pyrite Passivation by Triethylenetetramine: An Electrochemical Study

A Green Preconcentration Method for Determination of Cobalt and Lead in Fresh Surface and Waste Water Samples Prior to Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry