Firing-Associated Recycling of Coal-Fired Power Plant Fly Ash

Table 1

Chemical composition of fly ash.

Chemical composition	Ninh Binh, Vietnam^a	Mong Duong I, Vietnam^a	Seyitomer, Turkey [7]	Tennessee, US [15]	XianYang, China [33]	Bokaro, India^b,d [46]	Bokaro, India^c,d [46]	Spain^d [47]
SiO2 (wt.%)	45.20	52.16	57.21	49.54	54.39	39.57	51.94	45.02
Al2O3 (wt.%)	19.99	23.65	20.39	19.11	23.21	22.13	26.41	25.18
Fe2O3 (wt.%)	6.86	5.97	10.89	14.79	11.50	3.21	5.21	16.52
CaO (wt.%)	1.52	1.94	2.75	6.23	4.77	0.42	0.49	8.53
MgO (wt.%)	1.29	1.09	4.96	0.42	1.73	0.19	0.27	0.97
K2O (wt.%)	3.13	3.30	1.36	—	1.32	0.93	0.95	2.14
Na2O (wt.%)	0.32	0.19	0.40	—	0.37	0.13	0.16	0.43
TiO2 (wt.%)	0.57	0.91	0.81	—	—	2.08	2.09	—
SO3	—	—	—	0.34	—	1.45	0.50	—
LOI (wt.%)	20.15	9.46	0.94	2.43	13.38	29.8	9.67	0.7
Cd (ppm)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	0.9
Pb (ppm)	—	—	79.0	—	—	31.06	63.42	58
Zn (ppm)	—	—	112.6	—	—	47.2	76.6	309
Cu (ppm)	—	—	98.8	—	—	73.8	97.7	-
Cr (ppm)	—	—	454.5	—	—	140.7	137.4	149
Ni (ppm)	—	—	1975.9	—	—	77.5	65.7	74
Mn (ppm)	—	—	790.4	—	—	117.8	268.4	-

^a Present work, by chemical analysis. ^b Fraction retained by Sieve No. 150 BS (+104 μm). ^c Fraction passed through by Sieve No. 300 B.S and retained by Sieve No 350 BS (−53 μm to + 45 μm). ^d Incomplete list of the analyzed heavy metals and rear Earth elements from the cited sources.