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| Technique | Fabrication of platform or reaction vessel | Sample pretreatment/preparation | Chemistry/detection | Analytical performance | References |
| | Linear range (% v/v) | RSD (%) | LOD (% v/v) | Analysis time per sample (min) |
|
| Lab-on-a-chip | Prepare PMMA mold using laser cutting ⟶ fabricate pattern on PDMS chip | Dilution | Ceric (IV)-ethanol complexation (performed on microchannel)/spectrophotometry | 0.20–20 | <1.40 | 0.039 | ≈1.3 | [21] |
| Smartphone-based digital image | Make a tube holder from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene using 3D printing | No | Changing in resonance structure of phenolphthalein in alkali medium (performed in a microtube)/digital image | 10–70 | 1.2 | 2.1 | <1 | [22] |
| Spot-test, smartphone-based digital image | Make a plastic chamber for photographing | No | Cr2O72− oxidation (performed in a porcelain plaque)/digital image | 1–20 and 25–50 | NR | 0.25 | 12 | [23] |
| Electrical conductometry | Connect a jacketed glass beaker containing a magnetic stirrer to a thermostat and conductivity meter | Not required, but limited to distilled samples | Uncatalyzed esterification between ethanol and acetic acid (performed in a jacketed glass beaker)/electrical conductometry | 0.0–99.9 | <3.45 | 0.63 | 5 | [26] |
| Visible chemical wave (instrument free) | Prepare metal catalyst gel dish | Dilution | Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (performed in a catalyst gel dish)/visible chemical wave (using smartphone camera) | 0.2–1.0 | <2.9 | NR | 5 | [24] |
| 96-well-plate | Using commercial 96-well-plate | No | Changing in resonance structure of phenolphthalein in alkali medium (performed in test-tube before transferring to a 96-well-plate)/digital image using desktop scanner | 33–45 | 1.8–2.6 | NR | 2.5 | [25] |
| Diffusive microdistillation device | Using commercial 5 mL polypropylene tube to contain acceptor inserting in a 50 mL polypropylene tube containing a sample | Heating to 80°C | Cr2O72− oxidation/spectrophotometry | 1–12 | 3.8 | 0.16 | 15 | [51] |
| MBL-VP | Make an MBL-VP unit using a reused glass bottle as an acceptor container, and a plastic vial for holding a sample | No | Cr2O72− oxidation/spectrophotometry | 1.0–90 | 8.3 | 0.3 | ≈5 | This work |
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