Recent Advances and Perspectives on the Sources and Detection of Antibiotics in Aquatic Environments

Table 1

Antibiotic concentrations in waters.

Country/region	Category	Concentration (ng/mL)	Reference
Musi River, South India	Ciprofloxacin	6.59–5.53 × 10^3	[28]
	Ofloxacin	1.55–318.1
	Enrofloxacin	2.57–123.4
	Norfloxacin	16.14–217.5
	Pefloxacin	0.74–44.34
	Difloxacin	0.47–37.74
	Lomefloxacin	3.59–10.32
Han River, South Korea	Oxytetracycline	1.236	[29]
	Tetracycline	2.093
	Chlorotetracycline	0.793
Wangyu River, China	Tetracyclines	1.082–15.310	[26]
	Quinolones	0.225–1.325
	Sulfonamides	NA–0.888
	Macrolides	0.012–0.017
Msunduzi River, South Africa	Nalidixic acid	23.504	[30]
Vietnam	Sulfamethazine	19	[31]
Mozambique	Sulfamethoxazole	53.8	[32]
Kenya	Sulfamethoxazole	38.9	[33]
Croatia	Sulfamerazine	11	[34]
Lake Poyang, China	Sulfadiazine	5.62 × 10^−2	[35]
	Oxytetracycline	4.87 × 10^−2
	Doxycycline	3.97 × 10^−2