The Importance of Derivatizing Reagent in Chromatography Applications for Biogenic Amine Detection in Food and Beverages

Table 4

Various studies based on GC techniques for biogenic amine detection in food and beverages.

Food sample	Analyte	Extraction	Stationary phase	Derivatizing/detector	Ref.
Fish and fish products	His, Tyr, Cad, Put, Spd	Distilled water	GC (column: HP-5 PMS)	BSA/FID and MS	Munir et al. [26]
Baby food products	Spd, Spm	1 M HCl	GC (column: DB-5 MS)	HFBA/MS	Petrarca et al. [70]
Canned fish	His, Tyr	5% TCA	GC (column: HP-5 MS)	SDBS/MS	Alizadeh et al. [2]
Canned fish	His, Tyr, Put, Cad	DI-SPME	GC (column: RXi-5 MS)	IBCF/MS	Huang et al. [71]
Salted fish	Ntr	Solvent extraction	GC (column: DB-Waxetr)	No derivatizing/MS-MS	Qiu et al. [72]
Cheese	His, Tyr, Put, Cad	DLLME	GC (column: HP-5 MS)	IBCF/MS	Mohammadi et al. [73]
Grape juice and wine	His, Tyr, Put, Cad, Hex, Am, Prop, But	DLLME	GC (column: HP-5 MS)	IBCF/MS	Cunha et al. [74]
Wine	His, Hex, Cad, But, Det, Put, Try, Tyr, Ibut	DI-SPME	GC (column: ZB-5 MS)	IBCF/MS	Papageorgiou et al. [75]
Wine	His, Cad, Det, Tryp, Tyr, Put, Spr, Met, Et	DLLME	GC (column: ZB-5 MS)	IBCF/MS	Plotka-Wasylka et al. [76]
Beer	His, Cad, Put, Tyr, Met, Et, Dmet, Ibut	DLLME	GC (column: DB-5 MS)	IBCF/MS	Almeida et al. [27]

Biogenic amine: amylamine (Am), butylamine (But), cadaverine (Cad), diethylamine (Det), dimethylamine (Dmet), ethylamine (Et), ethanolamine (Eth), heptylamine (Hep), 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (Hex), histamine (His), isoamylamine (Iam), isobutylamine (Ibut), methylamine (Met), nitrosamine (Ntr), 2-phenylethylamine (Phm/2-PE), piperidine (Pip), propylamine (Prop), putrescine (Put), spermine (Spr), spermidine (Spd), tryptamine (Trm/Tryp), and tyramine (Tyr). Extraction: direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), hydrochloric acid (HCl), and trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Derivatize agent: (N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide and trimethlchlorosilane) (BSA + TMCS), heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA), isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF), and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). Chromatography/detectors: Flame ionization detector (FID) and mass spectrometry (MS).