The Importance of Derivatizing Reagent in Chromatography Applications for Biogenic Amine Detection in Food and Beverages

Table 2

Various studies based on HPLC techniques for biogenic amine detection in food and beverages.

Food sample	Analyte	Extraction	Stationary phase	Derivatizing/detector	Ref.
Meat and meat products	His, Tyr, Phm, Put, Cad, Trp, Agm, Spr, Spd	7.5% TCA	Cation-exchange	OPA/Fluorescence (ex: 330 nm; em: 465 nm)	Triki et al. [49]
Fermented meat	His, Spr, Spd, Cad, Put, Phm, Tyr, Trp	0.4 M HClO4	C18	Dbs-Cl/UV (450 nm)	De Mey et al. [50]
Chicken meat	Tyr, Put, Cad, Spd, Spr	5% HClO4	C18	Bnz-Cl/DAD (198 nm)	Lazaro et al. [37–39]
Fish products	His, Put, Tyr	0.4 M HClO4	ODS2 150A column	Dns-Cl/PDA (254 nm)	Bilgin and Genccelep [51]
Fish meat	Put, Cad	5% HClO4	C18	Bnz-Cl/UV (198 nm)	Rodrigues et al. [41]
Fish meat	His, Spr, Spd, Cad, Put, Tyr, Phm, Trp	5% TCA	C18	LC-ESI-MS/MS	Sagratini et al. [24]
Cheese	His, Cad, Spr, Tryp, Hex	UA-DLLME	C18	BCEC-Cl/FLD	Wu et al. [52]
Cheese	His, Spr, Spd, Put, Tyr, Cad, Agm, Phm	SPE	Cation-exchange	No derivative step/ELSD	Spizzirri et al. [20]
Corn oil	His, Put, Tyr, Cad, Tryp, Spr, Spd	Solvent extraction	C18	Dns-Cl/UV-visible	Yoon et al. [53]
Chocolate, vegetables, and fruits	Tyr	Solvent extraction	RP-18e	No derivatizing/FLD-DAD	Baranowska and Plonka [54]
Fresh milk and fish	His	6% TCA	Reversed-phase 18	Dns-Cl/UV-visible	Arulkumar et al. [55]
Soy sauce	His, Spd, Put, Tyr, Trp, Spr	Acetonitrile	C18	HPLC-MS/MS	Dong and Xiao [56]
Fermented cow’s and goat’s milk	His, Tyr, Cad, Put, Spd	Solvent extraction	ODS2	Benzoyl-Cl/DAD	Costa et al. [57]
Beer	His, Cad, Tryp, Tyr, Spr	UA-DLLME	C18	BCEC-Cl/FLD	Lazaro et al. [58]
Wine	His, Tyr, Put, Cad, Spr, Det, Dmet, Prop, Agm, Spd	Dilution with water	C18	p-Toluenesulfonyl chloride/MS/MS	Nalazek-Rudnicka and Wasik [59]
Wine	His, Tyr, Cad, Hex, Spr, 2-pe	UA-DLLME	C18	BCEC-Cl/FLD	Wu et al. [52]
Milk	His, Put, Spd, Spr, Agm, Cad, Tyr, Trp, Phm	SSA	C18	OPA/Fluorescence (ex: 340 nm; em:445 nm)	Gloria et al. [60]

Biogenic amine: agmatine (Agm), amylamine (Am), butylamine (But), cadaverine (Cad), diethylamine (Det), dimethylamine (Dmet), dopamine (Dop), ethylamine (Et), ethanolamine (Eth), heptylamine (Hep), 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (Hex), histamine (His), isoamylamine (Iam), isobutyamine (Ibut), methylamine (Met), nitrosamine (Ntr), 2-phenylethylamine (Phm/2-PE), piperidine (Pip), propylamine (Prop), putrescine (Put), spermine (Spr), spermidine (Spd), tryptamine (Trm/Tryp), and tyramine (Tyr). Extraction: direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MPSD), methanesulfonic acid (MSA), perchloric acid (HClO₄), sulphosalicylic acid (SSA), solid-phase extraction (SPE), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DLLME), and ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-LLE). Derivatize agent: benzoyl chloride (Bnz-Cl) (N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide and trimethlchlorosilane) (BSA + TMCS), 2-(11H-benzo[a]carbazol-11-yl) ethyl carbonochloridate (BCEC-Cl), dabsyl chloride (Dbs-Cl), dansyl chloride (Dns-Cl), heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFBA), isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF), o-orthophthalaldeyde (OPA), and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). Chromatography/detectors: atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI), diode-array detection (DAD), electrospray ionization (ESI), evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD), fluorescence detection (FLD), mass spectrometry (MS), and quadrupole time-of-flight (QToF).