Study of Methanol Extracts from Different Parts of Peganum harmala L. Using ¹H-NMR Plant Metabolomics

Table 2

Relative quantification of principal metabolites in different parts of P harmala (mg/g).

Compounds	Stem	Root	Testa	Seed	Flower	Leaf
Proline	37.88 ± 18.95bc	86.53 ± 10.27a	26.70 ± 2.14c	—	55.10 ± 7.88b	55.93 ± 2.39b
Lysine	153.63 ± 5.41b	180.02 ± 12.46a	—	—	95.87 ± 12.23c	68.85 ± 4.08d
Asparagine	17.77 ± 1.75c	17.96 ± 3.32c	123.84 ± 12.11a	29.37 ± 29.68c	76.03 ± 9.36b	32.03 ± 4.48c
4-Hydroxyisoleucine	204.85 ± 9.81b	189.29 ± 16.19b	364.89 ± 50.07a	—	195.70 ± 15.17b	160.35 ± 8.92b
Acetic acid	1.85 ± 0.17c	7.77 ± 0.98a	4.39 ± 0.85b	—	4.18 ± 0.54b	2.68 ± 0.09c
Sucrose	113.024 ± 8.45b	339.19 ± 35.69a	13.29 ± 4.92d	63.28 ± 2.0c	60.08 ± 5.91c	40.63 ± 1.63c
Vasicine	17.19 ± 9.8b	64.31 ± 8.44ab	124.13 ± 71.58a	—	68.36 ± 6.69ab	26.69 ± 2.56b
Harmine	—	19.27 ± 1.68b	—	40.77 ± 5.98a	—	—
Harmaline	—	—	—	58.46 ± 9.61	—	—
Choline	4.24 ± 0.17c	2.67 ± 0.18d	8.59 ± 0.96a	2.31 ± 1.45d	6.12 ± 0.51b	3.31 ± 0.19cd
Phosphorylcholine	0.55 ± 0.13d	2.92 ± 0.20b	3.56 ± 0.52b	5.50 ± 1.33a	0.97 ± 0.14cd	1.99 ± 0.13bc

Note. The numbers are the contents of the compounds in the methanol extracts of the different P. harmala parts (mean value ± standard deviation). “—” indicates that the compound was not detected. Duncan’s new multiple range test was used to calculate the value (when , different letters within same row represent subsets with significant differences; the order of the letters indicates the range of sample concentrations from large to small).