A Knee Point-Driven Many-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Adaptive Switching Mechanism

Table 4

Mean and standard deviation values of IGD for KPEA and state-of-art algorithms on WFG problems.

Problem	M	k-NSGAII	KnEA	Pi-MOEA	hpaEA	VaEA	KPEA
WFG1	3
	5
	8
	10
WFG2	3
	5
	8
	10
WFG3	3
	5
	8
	10
WFG4	3
	5
	8
	10
WFG5	3
	5
	8
	10
WFG6	3
	5
	8
	10
WFG7	3
	5
	8
	10
WFG8	3		3.2937e-1 (8.43e-3) –
	5		1.2737e+0 (1.58e-2) –	1
	8		3.4668e+0 (5.41e-2) –
	10		4.3376e+0 (6.49e-2) +
WFG9	3		2.2145e-1 (6.30e-3) –
	5		1.1428e+0 (1.57e-2) –
	8		3.1190e+0 (3.61e-2) –
	10		3.9926e+0 (3.81e-2) +
+/-/=		0/33/3	3/21/12	8/16/12	0/36/0	4/30/2